1. Fourteenth Amendment Part III

2. stinger 1. What are the basic purposes of the Fourteenth Amendment?
2. How are questions left unresolved at the Philadelphia Convention addressed in the Fourteenth Amendment?
3. How are the due process and equal protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment related to principles of limited government?

3. Review of guiding questions
What are the basic purposes of the Fourteenth Amendment?
1. Overturn Dred Scott v. Sanford
2. Grant citizenship to freed slaves and other disenfranchised people*
3. Force states to provide due process rights to freed slaves and other disenfranchised people*
4. Force states to treat freed slaves and other disenfranchised people* equally under the law
5. punish confederates for starting the Civil War
*NOT including women or Native Americans

4. Review of guiding questions
How are questions left unresolved at the Philadelphia Convention addressed in the Fourteenth Amendment?
Issue of whether slaves or former slaves are citizens or property resolved: Slaves are citizens
Issue of whether states can leave the union resolved: NO
Issue of balance of power between states and federal government: power shifted in favor of the federal government
Federal government controls citizenship
States eventually forced to uphold most of the provisions of the Bill of Rights
States punished for leaving the union and starting the Civil War

5. Review of Guiding Questions
How are the due process and equal protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment related to principles of limited government?
Due Process Clause forces state government to provide
Procedural Due Process
Protection of reasonable search and seizure restrictions
Protections of rights of the accused
Protection of trial rights
Substantive Due process
Laws must be fair
Laws must match the provisions of the Bill of Rights
Equal protection clause requires states to
Treat all citizens equally (within reason)
Not pass laws that pick on one group of people

6. Doing the Close Read Again
Read the Fourteenth Amendment again
Follow the directions for each question of the close read as they follow.
Make sure that you are citing the document whenever possible and appropriate.

7. Why do you think that Congress chose to write this amendment to the Constitution? What motivated this change?
1. Note the title of the document and use the title to deduce the general purpose of the document itself.
2. Reread the document paying special attention to any repeated words or words that seem to reference events.
3. Think about what you know about American history and identify significant events that match the description in the document.
4. Describe how this document addresses or reacts to this historical incident.

8. Given the context of the document, what is the meaning of the word “insurrection?”
1. Reread the document, identifying and highlighting all uses of the vocabulary word in question.
2. Pay careful attention to the sentences that include the vocabulary word and note any context clues that may provide insight to the meaning of the word.
3. Define the vocabulary word in your own words and provide specific contextual evidence from the document to support your definition

9. What are the essential problems that Congress is trying to solve with the addition of this amendment to the Constitution?
1. Examine each section in order to determine the purpose of the section.
2. Summarize the purpose of each section in a sentence or two.
3. Reread your own summaries and think about how the sections are related.
4. Construct an answer to the original question that synthesizes the answers from your summaries.

10. How does the tone of the amendment change between section 1 and the other sections? Give examples from the text.
1. Read each section carefully and identify who are what is the target or object of each individual section.
2. Read each section carefully and identify the goal of each section.
3. Identify key words or phrases that indicate how the authors feel in each section.
4. Describe how the authors feelings change over the course of the document.

11. How does the amendment extend rights to certain groups while allowing the suppression of the rights of others? Provide examples from the text.
1. Analyze each section to identify whether the section expands rights of people or restricts rights of people.
2. Analyze each section to find which groups are being targeted by each section.
3. Match the groups to the expanded or restricted rights.
4. Summarize your findings by describing the effects of the document on the different identified groups.

12. Given the context provided in the document, how has “insurrection” affected the rights of people in the United States?
1. Closely read the document and underline instances of the word insurrection.
2. Closely read the entire document and look for instances in which rights are expanded and those in which rights were restricted.
3. Reread the sections and pay close attention to the relationships between the mention of insurrection and the mention of rights.
4. Describe the relationship you saw between insurrection and rights.

13. Exit Ticket
Some people have argued that the Fourteenth Amendment is the most important addition to the Constitution since the passage of the Bill of Rights. Do you agree or disagree? Why?