1. Shock

2. Important formulas Stroke Volume = End dyastolic volume – End systolic volume Cardiac output = Stroke volume x Heart rate Blood pressure = Cardiac output x Systemic Vascular Resitance

3. Define Shock Acute circulatory failure resulting in inadequate or disordered tissue perfusion and insufficient oxygen supply to cells

4. Name the 5 types of shock He - Hypovolaemic Called - Cardiogenic Me - Mechanical (obstructive) A - Anaphylactic Sadist - Septic

5. Hypovolemic Shock What is hypovolemic shock? Shock caused by an insufficient volume of blood What are the causes of hypovolemic shock? Major trauma (blood loss), Diarrhoea/Vomiting, massive blood loss during surgery, burns

6. Hypovolemic Shock What are the signs of hypovolemic shock? Tachycardia, hypotension, thready pulse, oliguria, cold clammy peripheries, Altered GCS

7. Cardiogenic Shock What is cardiogenic shock? Failure of the heart to pump effectively What causes cardiogenic shock? Myocardial infarction, valvular disease, myocarditis, endocarditis

8. Cardiogenic Shock What are the signs of cardiogenic shock? Pulmonary oedema, increased central venous pressure, murmurs, S3/S4, hypodynamic circulation, oliguria

9. Septic Shock What is septic shock? Shock caused by impaired utilisation of oxygen by cells What are the causes of septic shock? Hospital admission, diabetes, hospital admission, immunocompromised.

10. Septic Shock What are the signs of septic shock? Toxic look – warm and flush, tachycardia and hypotension

11. Anaphylactic Shock What are the causes of Anaphylactic Shock? Anapylaxis, Anaphylactoid What are the signs of anaphylactic shock? Angiooedema, Stridor/Bronchospasm

12. Mechanical/Obstructive What is mechanical shock? Obstruction of blood flow outside the heart What are the causes of obstructive shock? Tension pneumothorax, Pulmonary embolism, Pericardial tamponade

13. Mechanical/Obstructive What are the signs of mechanical shock? Tachynpnoea, increased CVP, reduced air entry, muffled heart sounds