1. THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE POPULATION LIVING ON THE BLACK SEA COASTAL AREA FOR ITS POLLUTION CONTROL PROF. DR. ING. IVAN SEKOULOV TU-Hamburg-Harburg 1 Clean Black Sea Working Group workshop in Varna 02.-05.06.2005 EC SSA Project INCO-CT-2004-003510

2. Introduction The Black Sea is an international inland closed sea connected with the mediterranean over the narrow Bosphorus link. Many rivers are ending in it, discharging all kinds of pollutants from the rich catchman area. Great efforts from all concerned countries are necessary to achieve at the end a clean Black Sea. 2 Prof. Dr. Ing. Ivan Sekoulov, TU-Hamburg-Harburg

3. 3 Fig. 1: Black Sea

4. 4 Prof. Dr. Ing. Ivan Sekoulov, TU-Hamburg-Harburg Description According to the EC Council, modern environmental politics for sustainable development should be based on ecological, sociological and economical criteria. The achievment of a clean Black Sea is necessary for prosperity and health of the coastal population. The summer resorts are highly dependant on the fulfillment of the bathing waters criteria. Thus, the coastal pollution control hast to be one of the first tasks.

5. 5 Prof. Dr. Ing. Ivan Sekoulov, TU-Hamburg-Harburg The population has to be sensibilized about its responsibilities to prevent any kind of sea pollution. The NGO’s can help very much to educate and inform the inhabitants against poor ecological management and projects. The people can be a driving force to stop an unwanted development damaging the environment. Some important reasons of a sea pollution can be summarized as follows:

6. 6 Prof. Dr. Ing. Ivan Sekoulov, TU-Hamburg-Harburg Uncertanty and unawareness of consequences of activities. Typical pollution can be for example the throwing back of “fishing discards” in to the sea. This discards can amount up to 5 – 8 tons per catch. A possible solution might be to build a collecting point on the shore to valorize this material instead to damage the environment.

7. 7 Prof. Dr. Ing. Ivan Sekoulov, TU-Hamburg-Harburg Missing administrative and political solutions are observed in many cases. Fast building of hotels and recreation settlements can cause big environmental problems.

8. 8 Prof. Dr. Ing. Ivan Sekoulov, TU-Hamburg-Harburg Several technical problems and solutions can be mentioned: - The difference between the winter and summer population needs flexible technical solutions which very often need a tailored design. - The deep sea outfall is difficult to build and operate. Better technical solutions are needed. - MBT (Membrane Bio-Technology) can be in many cases a solution. The experience with this systems are promising good results, but are still not sufficient to a broad application (Fig.2). - It’s worthwhile to think about new technologies considering the social-economical situation of the concerned inhabitants. A low cost treatment SBR system is shown in Fig.3.

9. 9 Prof. Dr. Ing. Ivan Sekoulov, TU-Hamburg-Harburg The impact of technology on the environment is often characterized by ignorance, uncertainty and diffuse knowledge base. This has to be changed.

10. 10 Prof. Dr. Ing. Ivan Sekoulov, TU-Hamburg-Harburg Summary - The Black Sea is a small international sea in which big transborder rivers are ending. - The Costal pollution control will be one of the most important aims for the Black Sea. To stop it’s pollution from landside will be among the first priorities. - The responsibility of the population (native and tourists) in a summer resort area is of great importance to prevent the sea pollution. - An organized population can be the driving force to prevent the pollution in their own costal area.

11. 11 Prof. Dr. Ing. Ivan Sekoulov, TU-Hamburg-Harburg Fig.2: Schematic MBR Process

12. 12 Prof. Dr. Ing. Ivan Sekoulov, TU-Hamburg-Harburg Fig. 3: An one reactor basin (SBR) Aeration-mixing-settling-sequences system effluent A2 influent B1 influent A1 effluent B2

13. 13 Prof. Dr. Ing. Ivan Sekoulov, TU-Hamburg-Harburg Pollution Prevention Recycling/Reuse Treatment Disposal Fig. 4: Effluent Management Funnel

14. 14 Prof. Dr. Ing. Ivan Sekoulov, TU-Hamburg-Harburg Fig. 5: Zenon MBR plant types

15. 15 Prof. Dr. Ing. Ivan Sekoulov, TU-Hamburg-Harburg Fig. 6: Zenon membrane module

16. 16 Prof. Dr. Ing. Ivan Sekoulov, TU-Hamburg-Harburg Fig. 7: Zenon MBR plant

17. 17 Prof. Dr. Ing. Ivan Sekoulov, TU-Hamburg-Harburg Belebungsbecken mit Mikrofiltrationseinheit Sandfang Rechen Membranbelebungsanlage (MBR) MF Trommelsieb BelebungsbeckenFiltration Nach- klärung Sandfang Rechen Konventionelle Kläranlage Desinfektion Fig. 8: Platzbedarf MBR vs. Konventionelle KA

18. 18 Prof. Dr. Ing. Ivan Sekoulov, TU-Hamburg-Harburg Fig. 9: Zenon Zeeweed 500 module

19. 19 Prof. Dr. Ing. Ivan Sekoulov, TU-Hamburg-Harburg Fig. 10: MBR equipped with Zenon modules