1. The Evolution of Cyberspace
New Horizons Symposium
28 Feb 2012
Brig Gen Marty Whelan
Director of Requirements
AFSPC/A5
DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited

2. Today’s Warfighter Depends on Space and Cyberspace
MISSILE WARNING
COMMUNICATIONS
WEATHER
NAVIGATION
Space and Cyberspace are not a “like to have” for Joint and Coalition Commanders, they are a “must have.”
Space and cyberspace capabilities are a pillar of the US military advantage over adversaries
INTEL, SURVEILLANCE
& RECONNAISSANCE
SPACE ACCESS
Space and Cyberspace capabilities enable the
American way of warfare
MISSILE DEFENSE
SPACE SURVEILLANCE 2

3. Space & Cyber in Joint Operations
Irregular Warfare
Enable distributed operations
Orchestrate and synchronize multiple actions
Enable persistent surveillance
Regular Warfare
Find, prosecute targets
Distribute data, intent and link forces
Enable C2
Assess results
GPS
SBIRS
Computer Systems
Networks
DMSP
WGS
DSP
Assured Access
Global Assessment
Monitor and revisit deep, denied areas
Provide immediate warning
Enable data fusion
Crisis Management
Provide national C2 under stress
Enable search, rescue, mobility
Allow “sharable” situational awareness
This highlights Space and Cyberspace in Joint Operations.
See the Battlefield with Clarity
Communicate with Certainty
Navigate with Accuracy
Strike with Precision
Operate with Assurance
Acquire with Agility 3

4. Air Force Space Command What We Do
Provide Joint warfighting space capabilities
Acquire space systems
Provide assured access to space
Assured capabilities across the spectrum
Cyberspace
Present full spectrum capabilities for the Joint warfighter in, through and from cyberspace
Extend, operate and defend the AF portion of the DoD Network
Establish requirements for future cyberspace systems/capabilities
Assured capabilities across the spectrum
Air Force Space Command has responsibility for both the Space and Cyberspace domains.
Our requirements work is shaped around meeting the capability needs of these domains. 4

5. Space and Cyberspace: The Reality
Growing Demand
Growing Threats
Resource Constrained
Environment
Space and Cyberspace … The Reality (slide bullets from Gen Shelton’s 12 April 2011 speech to the National Space Symposium)
Growing Demand: Today’s warfighter is dependent on space capabilities. And without space, military operations would be far less precise, less focused, less timely, less coordinated, less efficient, and much more costly.  It’s no longer just a “like to have” for Joint and Coalition Commanders; it’s a “must have”.
Contested, Competitive and Congested Domains: Space and cyberspace are increasingly contested, competitive and congested domains. They are integrated with every mission, and they support all missions. We depend on space and cyberspace to achieve global reach, power and vigilance. Space and cyberspace have revolutionized warfare and provide a considerable advantage over our adversaries. But due to its nature, it can also be used against us. The rest of this presentation will explore the realities and capability needs of space and cyberspace and what is needed to achieve superiority in these domains.
Resource Constrained Environment: We have a lot of smart people working on the problems, but clearly we’ve got to raise the level of our defenses in both the space and cyber domains. There’s a tremendous amount of work to do, not to mention the programmatics of it.
The brief further describes what we’re doing in Air Force Space Command to address our current requirement needs. 5

6. SINE Operational View: The Future
Growing Demand
Growing Threats
Resource Constraind
Environment 6

7. How do we reach the future
FOUO
How do we reach the future
Innovate: deliver resilient, cost-effective capabilities to the warfighter
Evolve: requirements/acquisition processes
Fund: must identify and fund the true needs
AFSPC/CC Priorities
Support the Joint Fight
Control Acquisition Costs
Operationalize/normalize cyberspace 7

8. Innovation: Competency, Connection, Champion
The innovator: industry, academia, or our own come up with the good ideas
“Ideas” go through HQ AFSPC Innovation Forum
AFSPC Entry point is Livelink Innovation Webpage
Competency
Technical experts vet possibilities
Staff work with idea generator
Champion
Periodic Senior Forum established to review “ideas”
Senior-level advocacy then assignment to Center/lab
Follows Public Law/DoD 5000 series processes but with better input
Game Changing Ideas will get here differently then operate the same 8
FOUO

9. Evolving Requirements & Acquisition Process
Warfighter
Requirements
DoD and AF are working to determine best method for cyber acquisitions…
Need Industry to help us do smart acquisitions that keep up with current with current technologies. In the AF, we have made a number of efforts to balance the need to government oversight with rapid acquisitions.
Industry manages to do cyber acquisitions smartly and quickly- we need to mimic that to the extent possible.
In the AF, we have created a process for rapid cyber acquisitions- in the case where the warfighter- cyber’s leading edge- have required rapid changes.
We are also tied to JCIDS- the DoD-mandated requirements process.
Future cyber capabilities must follow DoD-mandated process… which means that many future cyber capabilities must enter JCIDS
Acquisitions of new technology will be requirements based.
Where the AF must stay up to date with technology for mission-essential reasons, acquisitions must be fast and efficient.
Rely on industry for innovation
SLIDE: CNF process/AF Cyber Pyramid, JCIDS, DoD process)
… while staying up to date on current/future technologies. 9

10. Funding Impacts President’s direction to cut ~$487B over 10 years
Ongoing debt ceiling negotiations likely to drive further funding reductions across DoD
AFSPC will continue to support the Core Function Master Plan strategy:
Ensure continuity of critical capabilities in support of national and joint requirements
Modernize or improve cyberspace and space capabilities using technically feasible and fiscally sound strategies
Leverage partnerships or rely on commercial capabilities when beneficial to DoD
Implementation in 2 phases
Phase 1 – caps non-war–related discretionary funding for
For 2012 & 2013 – these caps are divided into security spending and non-security spending
For 2012 Cap is $684B
$5B less than the $689B enacted in 2011
$36B less than the $720B requested for 2012
For – a single cap is directed for all discretionary spending
Phase 2 – automatic trigger if Congress fails to
Act on the recommendations of the Joint Committee
Or the Joint Committee’s recommendations are less than $1.2T
Under the Trigger – security spending is more narrowly defined
Worse case scenario – base defense budget falls to $472B in 2013
$99B below projected FY 13 in the FY 12 Presidents’ Budget
Total reduction to base defense budget over 10 years - $968B relative to the 2012 President’s Budget
Highlights
Initial caps on discretionary spending will likely result in the 2012 base defense budget falling to $525B
Current 2011 base budget is $530B
President’s request for 2012 is $553B
TRIGGER - if the Joint Committee bill is not enacted and the trigger kicks in, 2013 base defense budget will be $472B
vs FYDP projection of $571B
$472 is close to the 2007 level of funding and that level would be maintained for 8 years
IMPACT – could cause massive rework of 2013 POMs 10

11. Mission Area Innovation Opportunities
FOUO
Mission Area Innovation Opportunities
Unique challenges facing each mission area
Rate of technological change
Rapid development/deployment
Cross mission collaboration/data fusion tools
Shrinking budgets
Key opportunities for industry partners
NextGen technical solutions
Transition from “tools” to “capabilities”
Capabilities that are interoperable 11

12. Challenges and Opportunities
Cyber Infrastructure
Challenges and Opportunities
Challenges
Standardization to a single AFNet
Capable and sustainable enterprise solutions
Rapid acquisition processes
Continued DOD Budget cuts, efficiency demands
Contracting process to purchase IT equipment
Industry Opportunities
Effective Asset Management
Innovative, interoperable enterprise solutions
Unified Communications
Lessons learned
Efficiency gains
Data Center Consolidation
“Green” data center implementations
Rapid network monitoring and management across compliant and non-compliant systems 12

13. Challenges and Opportunities
Cyber Operations
Challenges and Opportunities
Challenges
Assured information protection
Legacy capabilities oriented toward detection vice prevention
Timely awareness/characterization of potential threats
DoD acquisition processes, while improved, are still slow to need
Increase operational cost to attacker while lowering the benefit
Industry Opportunities
Develop hardened/defensible/reliable AF networks leveraging current technologies, architectures and resources
Provide proactive capabilities to actively prevent cyber threats
Fuse cyber data to create actionable information and assure AF missions
Leverage existing/future Cyber Acquisitions process to deliver best value 13

14. Challenges and Opportunities
Cyber Warfare
Challenges and Opportunities
Challenges
Funding
Growing mission area vs. shrinking budgets (i.e., Budget Control Act)
Qualification Training
Demand increasing faster than throughput
Intel support to cyber program development
Normalize cyber intelligence requirements and prioritize support
Industry Opportunities
Cyberspace domain continues to change at “light speed”
Must be able to keep up with new technology
Transition of “tools” to “capabilities” 14

15. Challenges and Opportunities
MILSATCOM
Challenges and Opportunities
Challenges
Addressing the entire SATCOM enterprise for 2025 & beyond
Developing a strategy to better leverage military, commercial, civil, and international solutions, including business models
Situational awareness and protection of space assets
Industry Opportunities
Create innovative solutions to future SATCOM requirements
Create operator-to-satellite open/service oriented ground system architectures
Consolidate functions and capabilities across multiple systems
Synchronize mission threads
Challenges
The entire MILSATCOM enterprise is large with many interested parties involved. It is essential that we obtain a community wide consensus on the future of MILSATCOM.
Developing commercial partners is a new undertaking for MILSATCOM. New strategies and models need to be explored so that we understand all the requirements, both practical and legal into military/commercial ventures in MILSATCOM.
Situational awareness of the space environment and space assets will continue to be a challenge for all space operators and users not just the military.
Industry Opportunities
Industry can continue to provide innovative solutions to meet both short term gaps but also to address future requirements.
Begin to look at a ground system architecture that is not focused on a single system but one that can integrate with multiple systems across a services or even services.
Create systems that can address multiple functions or capabilities across multiple systems.
Need to address the continual schedule delays between ground, user, and space systems. 15

16. Challenges and Opportunities
MILSATCOM Terminals
Challenges and Opportunities
Challenges
Developing XDR-capable terminals for AEHF
Timely integration of delivered terminals into platforms
Synchronizing terminal deliveries and platform integration with new on-orbit SATCOM capabilities
Industry Opportunities
Ka-band capable terminals possibly for additional airborne platforms (e.g. AMC) to take advantage of WGS on-orbit assets
New terminal opportunities resulting from a future Analysis of Alternatives study to follow the JSCL Initial Capabilities Document   16

17. Missile Warning/Defense Challenges and Opportunities
Resiliency with lower cost & manpower
Control cost, schedule, performance
Support Netcentric Operations
Integrate Cyber Capabilities into MW/MD portfolio
Standardize MW/SSA reporting
Industry Opportunities:
Invest in data compression and large data transmission
Develop, register, and expose services for gov’t subscription/reuse
Maximize Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) 17

18. SSA/C2-Challenges and Opportunities
Fiscally constrained environment for several years
Maintain, sustain and exploit existing capabilities
Leverage other non-traditional sensor capabilities
Exploit mission partner and coalition capabilities
JFCC-Space requires timely actionable information
Integration of Space and Cyberspace touch points
Industry Opportunities
Leverage/Exploit existing sensors for enhanced sensitivity/capacity
Develop methods & means to maintain chain of custody
Improve environmental forecasting & effects capabilities
Ground-based optical sensors for deep space search & discovery
Next generation space-based optical system for timely re-visit
Dynamic ability to process extensive amounts of new data
Establish commercial & coalition partnerships
Cross mission collaboration/data fusion tools 18

19. Challenges and Opportunities
Space Launch
Challenges and Opportunities
Challenges
Aging infrastructure; difficult to operate and maintain
Increasing costs
Utilizing launch manifest more efficiently
Sustaining space launch industrial base
Orbital debris mitigation compliance
Industry Opportunities
New entrants
Reduced cost
Enhanced resiliency
Challenges
Aging infrastructure; difficult to operate and maintain
Increasing costs
Utilizing launch manifest more efficiently
Treat launch slots as “National assets”
-- Revamped CLSRB process; slot concept;
Sustaining space launch industrial base
- “Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)”: Balancing “right” order quantities to address needs while addressing the stabilization of production to control cost
Orbital debris mitigation compliance
Redesign of booster tanks/propellant tanks
Add additional solids
Reclassify missions to larger boosters
All of the above have associated cost increases that need to be addressed
Industry Opportunities
New entrants
Reduced cost
Enhanced resiliency 19

20. Challenges and Opportunities
Launch Ranges
Challenges and Opportunities
Challenges
Aging infrastructure and fiscal constraints present operations and sustainment challenges; instrument reliability opposed to excessive redundancy
Variety of non-standard launch systems driven by diverse customer needs
Real-time data receive, processing and display drive costs for robust systems with a “no-fail” design
Multiple independent contracts for operations at each range, plus overarching sustainment – drives contract overhead costs for all contracts
Industry Opportunities
Propose range safety strategy that does not require significant investment on the range or from launch customers; solutions that require significant capital investment on the range or launch customers are a non-starter
Propose efficiencies in day-to-day operations and sustainment of range infrastructure (current and future as mentioned above) using a single consolidated contract
Gen Shelton’s Speech
Air Force's space-launch infrastructure requires modernization, said Gen. William Shelton, head of Air Force Space Command. The facilities at Cape Canaveral AFS, Fla., and Vandenberg AFB, Calif., are already a half-century old, plus the two locations aren't standardized, said Shelton in his keynote address at the 50th American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics aerospace sciences meeting in Nashville, Tenn. "It's a problem akin to the late 19th century when every railroad had their proprietary rail sizes and rail spacings," he said. "Once they standardized the gauges, all of them realized more efficient operations, lower costs, and greater profits." Shelton said his vision for the space ranges is that "they become planned communities instead of the hodgepodge of one-off capabilities and specialty facilities they are now." He noted during his Monday speech that the Air Force is working "toward an intra-range standardization solution" that would combine space-range operations, maintenance, and sustainment into a single integrated contract. 20

21. Challenges and Opportunities
SATOPS/AFSCN
Challenges and Opportunities
Challenges
Non-materiel (non-developmental) solutions for consolidating common SATOPS tasks across multiple satellite operating units
Operational concepts for on-demand, protected, agile SATOPS
Net-centric AFSCN operating concepts – present users and operators with a web-like interface
Industry Opportunities
Concept development – how to achieve capability with non-materiel (non-developmental) approaches; enterprise data standards 21

22. Excellence: Global and Beyond
Summary
Space and cyberspace capabilities – vital to national security and the Joint fight
Single MAJCOM – enhance synergies between space and cyberspace
Domain challenges – competitive, congested, contested
Keys to success – innovate, evolve, fund
We are honored by the Joint and coalition partnerships that enable us to meet our adversaries advances in both space and cyberspace
Defending the U.S., its allies and friends is a continuous mission that requires the utmost planning and execution
AFSPC will continue to deliver combat power to the Joint Fight
Operating in an increasingly contested domains is only one of the challenges AFSPC must be mindful of as we accomplish our missions
Our professionals, their technical expertise and operational prowess are the core of our space and cyberspace team
AFSPC will remain the most capable military space and cyberspace force.
Thank you
Excellence: Global and Beyond 22

23. QUESTIONS?
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