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Viswanatha Naidu Y IIIT-Hyderabad 20-02-09 vnaidu@research.iiit.ac.in
SCONLI-3 Corpus Based study of Relative clauses in Hindi & Telugu Transfer grammar rules for relative clauses Viswanatha Naidu Y IIIT-Hyderabad
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Hindi Relative clause overview Telugu Relative clause overview
OUTLINE Introduction Hindi Relative clause overview Telugu Relative clause overview Transfer grammar & Rules Examples Conclusion SCONLI-3, India
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Relative clause overview
Restricts or qualify the meaning of the noun in NP Languages like English explicitly indicate with relative pronouns Relative pronouns occur in the initial or part of PP or NP SCONLI-3, India
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Types of Relative clause
There are two types of relative clauses 1.Restrictive clause 2.Non-restrictive clause SCONLI-3, India
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Restrictive Non-Restrictive
Serves to give hearer an added piece of information identified entity Provides additional info. Use of Proper nouns Helps the hearer/ reader to identify the referent of the noun phrase. Rel. pronoun can be dropped How does he/she know the distinction? Very often the distinction expressed intonationally, but also orthographically with punctuation marker. SCONLI-3, India
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The young linguist whom I saw in the conference lives in Hyderabad.
Restrictive clause The young linguist whom I saw in the conference lives in Hyderabad. Non-Restrictive clause Chomsky, who arrived for the conference lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts. SCONLI-3, India
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The accessibility hierarchy defined (comrie, 1977) as
SubjectDirect objectNon-direct object Possessive Easy to relativize subjects than it is to relativize any of the other positions SCONLI-3, India
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Hindi also has the Restrictive – Non-Restrictive Distinction.
Restrictive clause E.g. jo billi mere gara mem hai vaha cUhe se DartA hai Rel. cat.3.sg my house.nom in is that Rat Abl afraid is ‘The cat in my house is afraid of Rat.’ Non-restrictive clause Chandrababu Naidu, jo Andhra Pradesh kA mukhya mantrI REL GEN chief.M minister.M thA Ajkal yahAM hai. Was.sg now a days here is Chandrababu Naidu who was the CM of AP is here now a days. SCONLI-3, India
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Hindi Relative clauses overview
Two types of relative clauses 1.Correlative clause 2.Participle clause SCONLI-3, India
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Correlative clause | Participle clause
Have an explicit relative markers. These markers will be preceded by the nouns Appear initial position of the clauses No explicit markers Two types of participle relatives, Present Participle Past Participle Modify head noun as relative clause do. SCONLI-3, India
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Correlative clauses In correlatives any NP position can be relativized. Like Subjects, objects, Indirect, Oblique including Instruments, locatives etc. Instrumental Relativization jis cAku se maine murgI ko kAtA vaha bahut tej thA REL knife.M with I.nom hen.M. Accu cut that very sharp was.M The knife with which I cut the hen was very sharp SCONLI-3, India
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Present participle & Past participle
All verbs yield present participle forms, which have two functions. Adjectival Adverbial Inflect for Person, Number, Gender. Appear in the form (verb +-tA +huA). Only a restricted set of verbs yield past participle forms, which indicate achievement. which have two functions. Adjectival Adverbial Inflect for Person, Number, Gender. Appear in the form (verb + -A + huA). SCONLI-3, India
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Hindi does not allow to relativize the Instrument,
locative, etc. It allows only subjects and objects. Subject Relativization dauDA huA laDkA acAnak ruk gayA running was boy suddenly stop. Came. ‘The boy who was running suddenly came to stop’ Instrumental Relativization *mere dwArA kelA kAtA huA cAkU le jAo I by Banana cut did knife.M take away Take away the knife with which I cut the Banana Locative Relativization *mere dwArA baitI huI kurcI bahut mAngI hai. I by sit.F did. Chsir very costly is The chair in which I sat is costly. SCONLI-3, India
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Telugu Relative clause overview
Telugu also has two types of relative clauses Correlative clauses Participle clauses But, correlatives are not normal in Telugu (Bh.Krishnamurthy) used in more formal speech. My experience of working in corpus gave the same experience as I hardly found the correlatives eppudu Akalaite appudu tinAli. whenever Hungry that+time eat. More naturally it can be expressed using participles SCONLI-3, India
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Participle Relative clauses
Participles form by means of non-finite construction Do not inflect person, number, gender E.g. ADutunna abbAyi bAwunnAdu. play.v.adj.conti boy.Nom good.3.sg.. M The boy, who is playing is good. Accessibility hierarchy of Participle Relativization in Telugu is more frequent, Higher, (oblique forms can also be relativized). SCONLI-3, India
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MT ARCHITECTURE ANALYSIS TRANSFER GENERATOR
POS TAGGAER CHUNKER MORPH ANALYZER TOKENIZER PARSER NER WSD Etc. ANALYSIS TRANSFER TRANSFER GRAMMAR 1.Lexical grammar 2.Structural grammar TRANSILITERATION Default features TL specific features Word generator Etc. GENERATOR SCONLI-3, India
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One of the approaches to Machine Translation
Transfer grammar One of the approaches to Machine Translation Captures ‘structural differences’ between SL & TL Aim to develop the MT system SCONLI-3, India
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ORGANIZATION OF TRANSFER GRAMMAR
input Removing specific features of grammar in SL Bridging the gap between SL & TL Lexical & Structural Transfer Rules Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctions Miscellaneous Final adjustment by the generator according to the TL features output SCONLI-3, India
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जो आँधी कल आयी थी वो बहुत नुकसान कर गयी
Relative clause rules jo AmdhI kal AyI thI vah bahut nuksAn kar gayI Rel. storm.F yesterday come.Pef.F.sg Past.F.sg that much damage.M do go.PerfF.sg ninna vaccina tufAnu cAlA nasTam cesindi. Yesterday.Nom come.past.verbal.adj storm.Nom much damage did.Non-Mascu.3.sg ‘The storm that raged yesterday did a great deal of damage’ जो आँधी कल आयी थी वो बहुत नुकसान कर गयी నిన్న వచ్చిన తుఫాను చాలా నష్టము చేసింది SCONLI-3, India
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Till now mapping between main clause-main clause
वो बहुत नुकसान कर गयी Null చాలా నష్టము చేసింది vo bahut nuksAn kar_gayI Null cAlA nasTam cesindi Till now mapping between main clause-main clause there are no problems except the correlative marker Let’s see the sub-ordinate clause mapping SCONLI-3, India
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Here we can clearly see, there is a gap between
जो आँधी कल आयी-थी Null నిన్న తుఫాను వచ్చింది jo AndhI kal AyI-thI Null ninna tufAnu vaccindi Here we can clearly see, there is a gap between SL and TL in three aspects. No relative marker in TL SL sub-ordinate +Tense into Non-finite form Word order change SCONLI-3, India
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Change of word order according to TL
RULES Change of word order according to TL 2. Deleting the relative makers (jo & vo) 3. Converting the finite into non-finite SCONLI-3, India
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Null నిన్న వచ్చిన తుఫాను చాలా నష్టము చేసింది
जो आन्दी कल आयी थी वो बहुत नुकसान करगयी Null నిన్న వచ్చిన తుఫాను చాలా నష్టము చేసింది SCONLI-3, India
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Null ninna vaccina tufAnu cAlA nasTam cesindi
Change of word order according to TL jo AndhI kal AyI_thI vo bahut nuksAn kargayI Null ninna vaccina tufAnu cAlA nasTam cesindi SCONLI-3, India
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Null ninna vaccina tufAnu cAlA nasTam cesindi
jo kal AyI_thI AndhI vo bahut nuksAn kargayI Null ninna vaccina tufAnu cAlA nasTam cesindi SCONLI-3, India
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Null నిన్న వచ్చిన తుఫాను చాలా నష్టము చేసింది
Deleting the relative makers (jo & vo) जो कल आयी थी आंधी वो बहुत नुकसान करगयी Null నిన్న వచ్చిన తుఫాను చాలా నష్టము చేసింది SCONLI-3, India
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ninna vaccina tufAnu cAlA nasTam cesindi
kal AyI_thI AndhI bahut nuksAn kargayI ninna vaccina tufAnu cAlA nasTam cesindi SCONLI-3, India
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నిన్న వచ్చిన తుఫాను చాలా నష్టము చేసింది
कल आयी थी आंधी बहुत नुकसान करगयी నిన్న వచ్చిన తుఫాను చాలా నష్టము చేసింది Converting the finite into non-finite SCONLI-3, India
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ninna vaccina tufAnu cAlA nasTam cesindi
kal Aya+(Past.V.adj) AndhI bahut nuksAn kargayI ninna vaccina tufAnu cAlA nasTam cesindi SCONLI-3, India
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నిన్న వచ్చిన తుఫాను చాలా నష్టము చేసింది
कल आय्(Past.v.adj) आंधी बहुत नुकसान करगयी నిన్న వచ్చిన తుఫాను చాలా నష్టము చేసింది SCONLI-3, India
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REQUIRED RESOURCES LARGE AMNOUNT OF CORPUS, REPRESENTS ALL DOMAINS
BROAD COVERAGE MORPH ANALYZER, GENERATOR >BROAD COVERAGE E-BILINGUAL LEXICONS LARGE AMOUNT OF POS & PARSED TREE BANK CORPUS LARGE AMOUNT OF PARALLEL CORPORA Apart from, there is an high necessity of well trained LINGUIST for modeling the language (s), and a Computer Scientist for implementing the model (s). SCONLI-3, India
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Thank you for patience SCONLI-3, India
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