1. INVISIBLE BROKEN WIRE DETECTOR
PRESENTED BY:
EJAZ AHMED CS12B1023
VINAY VAMSHI REDDY R EE12B1040
SAI TEJA EE12B1031

2. WHY WE NEED IT??
Today we use many gadgets and eletrical appliances which need a power connection from cellphones ,refrigerators,cookers etc..
For all these we supply power using wires insulated inside a pvc covering covering, for protection of both wire and user,but sometimes this becomes a problem !!
Over a period of time due to stress and other factors the wire inside the insulation gets broken and stops functioning
It is difficult to detect the exact location of this fracture and many a time the component needs to be replaced
This is Why we need the “INVISIBLE BROKEN WIRE DETECTOR”
It locates the breakage point very accurately and the insulation can be removed at that point and the wire can be repaired saving us a lot of time ,money and material resources

3. How we do it?
Our basic aim is to build a circuit to locate the broken point without removing the pvc cover
To detect the exact location of breakage inside the pvc cover we employ our circuit with a hex inverter CMOS which uses its actions to control an oscillator which in return detects the presence of an ac current and shows the location till which the current is passing .
It is built using hex inverter CMOS CD4069.Gates N3 and N4 are used as a pulse generator that oscillates at around 1000 Hz in audio range. The frequency is determined by timing components comprising resistors R3 and R4 an capacitor C1
Gates N1 and N2 are used to sense the presence of 230 V AC field around the live wire and buffer weak ac voltage picked up by test probe.

5. The voltage of output pin 10 or gate N2 can enable or inhibit the oscillator circuit.When yhe test probe is away from high voltage ac field output pin 10 of gate N2 remains low.As a result diode D3 conducts and inhibits the oscillator cirircuit from oscillating.
Simultaneously ,the output of gate N3 at pin 6 goes low to cut of transistor T1.As a result LED 1 goes off.when the test probe is moves to 230 V AC,50 Hz mains live wire,during every positive half cycle,outpin of 10 goes high.Thus during every positive half cycle of mains frequency N2 goees high,and oscillator circuit is allowed to oscillate at around 1000kHz making LED 1 to blink.

6. How to Use?
To detect the breakage point, turn on switch S1 and slowly move the test probe closer to faulty wire,beginning with the input point of live wire and proceeding towards other end
LED1 starts glowing during presence of af ac voltage in faulty wire,when the breakage point is reached LED1 stops due to non availability of AC field.That point is the location of breakage

7. IN4148 High speed switching diodes
Components Used
CMOS HEX INVERTER CD 4069
IN4148 High speed switching diodes
Contains 6 inverter Circuits made using complimentary MOS
High switching speed :max. 4 ns
General application
Continuous reverse voltage :max. 100V
Repetetive peak reverse voltage: max.100V
Repetetive peak forward current:
Max. 450 mA
Wide supply Voltage range :3 V – 15V
High Noise Immunity:.45VDD type
Low power TTL compatibility: Fan out of driving 74L
Operating Temperature Range(TA): C to +125C

8. Resistors Used In the Circuit
BC547 Transistor
A component wirh three terminals B(Base), C(collector) , E(Emitter).
A Drawing of a BC547C transistor
Resistors Used In the Circuit
47 Ohm Resistor
1M Ohm Resistor
560 Ohm Resistor
220 Ohm REsistor

9. RESULTS
Thus the circuit was made successfully which can easilydetect broken point in the wire inside the PVC cover withour disturbing it
The whole circuit can be accomodated in a small pvc pipe and used as a handy broken wire detector.This will make the circuit more compact and easy to handle.The handy broken wire detector can be taken anywhere and every where and becomes less prone to damage.
CONCLUSIONS
The circuit made is cheap and best.It would not only be able to Reduce wastage of time but also resources
Thus using just a hex inverter and few resistors we are able to construct a device which can easily detect a faulty broken wire and thus save the extra cost of user which is incurred on replacing the faulty wire and not repairing it which is difficult.

10. Improvements
We can use an inverter in between the LED and the oscillator which will then turn on the LED only when broken point is detected and keeping it off when the wire is not broken.By making this change we can make our detector more user friendly and also consume less power
We can also use a beeper to sound alarm when breakage is detected