1. Topics for Questions 16-19 The Age of Exploration / Mercantilism Mayas, Aztecs and Incas Effects of Slave Trade – Middle Passage The Reformation and Anti-Reformation The Renaissance Absolutism

2. The Age of Exploration / Mercantilism Columbus sails for Spain – (sails, Mercator maps, sexton) Columbian Exchange Spanish influence = Encomienda System based on blood and where born, Guns, Germs, Slaves, Language (CONTRAST: Haiti = French, Brazil = Portuguese) Conquistadors destroy Mayas, Aztecs, Incas (COMPARE/CONTRAST the 3) Mercantilism = Favorable trade balance for Mother Country (rapes resources cheap, creates goods, sells goods back to colony)

3. Navigational Inventions Allow For Exploration Sexton Mercator Maps

4. Columbian Exchange = Trade Inspired By Columbus’ Voyages

5. Mercantilism = Merchant Trade is For Benefit of Mother Country Resources + Tax Money Flow To Mother country – Resources Turned into a Finished Item – Finished Item Sold Back to Colony

6. REGENTS REVIEW QUESTIONS 1.List a few inventions that made navigating the oceans easier and allowed for the cross-Atlantic exploration of the “New world” 2. List three items that were indigenous to the “New World” and were brought to Europe through the Columbian Exchange 3. List three items that were indigenous to Europe and were brought to “The New world” through the Columbian Exchange 4.Describe the economic system called Mercantilism 5. How did Mercantilism result in a favorable balance of trade for the Mother country?

7. Post-Columbian Central and South American History Brazil = Portuguese Suriname = Dutch Guinea = French The Rest = Spanish

8. Aztecs Mayas Incas Warriors Pyramids Central Gov + Gatherings Mayan Calendar Incan Terrace Farming Quipu Knots = Unwritten Language

9. Encomienda System Social Order – Based on Birth Peninsulares = Full Blood Spaniard Born in Spain South American Creole Revolutionaries = Full Blood Spanish But Were Born in the Americas Upset at Lack of Power in Encomienda System Simon Bolivar Jose De San Martin

10. REGENTS REVIEW QUESTIONS 1.What was the unwritten communication of the Inca? 2.How did the Inca adjust their farming methods to their environment? 3.Which Native American tribe was a Warrior tribe? 4. List an item that shows the Maya were an advanced people 5. What was the name for Full Blooded Spaniards who were born in Spain and not in the New World? 6. Why were South American revolutionaries upset at the Encomienda System?

11. The Reformation Martin Luther = 95 Theses Challenges corruption in Catholic Church Calls for *Reform* *Protests* indulgences Indulgences = Catholic Priests “Selling” Forgiveness Encourages Protestant Church (Lutheran) Moveable Type Printing Press: spreads the word, growth of education and literacy

12. Martin Luther = 95 Theses Protest Against Catholic Church Pinned To Church Door Gutenberg’s Printing Press = Spread Word of Protestant Reform Movement

13. Counter-Reformation The Catholic Church Strikes Back The Council of Trent The Spanish Inquisition

14. The Renaissance Renaissance = Rebirth of Culture Italy Humanism = celebrate humans Rich people want art that celebrates human accomplishments and can pay to commission artists (CONTRAST: Humanism vs Religious Art) Artists = Rafael, Donatello, Leonardo (DaVinci), and Michelangelo “Questioning” the church seen as OK

15. Humanist Art Rich People Choose to Commission artists to Celebrate Individual Accomplishments

16. REGENTS REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Why did Martin Luther think the Catholic Church needed reforming? How did he protest these issues? 2. Describe one way that the Catholic church countered the Protestant Reformation 3. Who were Renaissance artists commissioned (paid) by? How was this different than previous time periods? 4. What did the Humanist artists of the Renaissance celebrate in their art? 5. List four Renaissance artists. (Hint: Name the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

17. Absolutism Absolute Monarchs = Strong Centralized Government King Louis XIV = The Sun King – “I AM THE STATE” Peter the Great – Warm Water Ports Catherine the Great – Enlightened Despot = Cared for her people

18. King Louis XIV –The Sun King * The Sun rises and falls with the French Empire * “I Am The State!” ABSOLUTE RULERS Peter The Great of Russia * Order Russians to “act more European” * Eliminates Mongolian Influence * De-isolation: Captures Warm Water Ports

19. REGENTS REVIEW QUESTIONS 1.Explain the way King Louis the 14 th felt about his leadership of France 2.What did Peter “The Great” do for Russia that made him so great?