1. Federal Roles/Players
Commissioner David Boyd
Minnesota Public Service Commission

2. Hierarchy of Federal Regulation
EPA
DHS
DOE
NRC
FERC
FEMA
NERC
NARUC
COMM
State
UTIL

3. Understanding the Federal Hierarchy
Laws
Federal Government
Regulations
Federal Agencies
Standards
Branch Agencies
Compliance
Commissions

4. Agencies Central Responsibility
FERC
DOE
Electricity
Fuel
&
Reliability
Technology
&
Nuclear
NARUC
FEMA
NRC
NERC
Safety
Health
&
Defense
EPA
DHS

5. NARUC National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners
David Wright
Chairman
Headquarters:
1101 Vermont Avenue NW Suite Washington DC

6. NARUC History Founded 1889 – Non-profit Organization
“Dedicated to supporting the State public service commissions who regulate state utilities that provide essential services such as energy, communications, water, and transportation.”
set and influence public policy, share best practices, and foster innovative solutions to improve regulation.

7. NARUC Jurisdiction Advisory/Intermediary State Level Utilities
Mediates with Federal Gov’t and federal agencies on behalf of public state utility commissions
Gives Congress commissions’ positions on issues
Provides witnesses for congressional committees
Gives policy briefings to Senate and House
Files briefs and pleadings with Supreme Court
Makes policy proposals to Executive Branch
Works with agencies to develop regulatory policies

8. Agencies Core Responsibilities
FERC
DOE
Electricity
Fuel
&
Reliability
Technology
&
Nuclear
NARUC
FEMA
NRC
NERC
Safety
Health
&
Defense
EPA
DHS 8

9. 888 First Street NE, Washington DC FPC named FERC 1977
Jon Wellinghoff
Chairman
Headquarters:
888 First Street NE, Washington DC
FPC named FERC 1977

10. FERC Jurisdiction Hydroelectric Interstate Regulation electricity
natural gas
oil
Regulation

11. FERC
Regulation of wholesale sales of electricity and transmission of electricity in interstate commerce
Oversight of mandatory reliability standards for the bulk power system
Promotion of strong national energy infrastructure, including adequate transmission facilities

12. FERC Electric Reliability Mandatory reliability and security standards
The Commission monitors and directs the Electric Reliability Organization (ERO)
Users, owners, and operators of the bulk power system

13. Gas and LNG Interstate Commerce
Regulation of pipeline transportation, storage, facility construction and abandonment
Interstate regulation of natural gas transportation
Establish rates for transmission services

14. Hydro Licenses for new construction
Licenses for the continuance of existing projects (relicensing).
Conducts oversight of ongoing project operations, including dam safety inspections and environmental monitoring.
Environmental Impact Statements

15. NERC—June 1 1968 National Energy Reliability Council
John Anderson – Chairman
Headquarters:
3353 Peachtree Road NE Suite 600 North Tower Atlanta, Georgia

16. NERC Established June 1st 1968
NERC appointed electric utility industry’s primary point of contact with US government
August 8th US Energy Policy Act
July 20th NERC appointed “electric reliability organization” with FERC oversight
June 18th Compliance with NERC standards becomes mandatory and enforceable

17. Reliability-Dispatch
Source EIA

18. NERC’s Area of Influence

19. How do FERC/NERC Fit Together?
FERC suggests regulation or policy
NERC, non-government, works with industry to establish standards that will fulfill compliance with FERC regulations/policy
FERC has veto power over anything NERC does but

20. FERC, NERC & NARUC
NARUC is a go between that can address regulatory issues at any level
They represent the interests of state regulatory commissioners to NERC, FERC and the federal government in shaping laws, regulations, standards and policy

21. Agencies Core Concerns
FERC
DOE
Electricity
Fuel
&
Transmission Reliability
Technology
&
Nuclear
NARUC
FEMA
NRC
NERC
Safety
Health
&
Defense
EPA
DHS 21

22. NRC--1974 Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Alison McFarlane
Chairman
Headquarters: One White Flint North Rockville Pike Rockville, MD

23. NRC History Atomic Energy Act 1946—Secret
Act ruled that nuclear weapon development and nuclear power management would be under civilian, rather than military control, and it established the United States Atomic Energy Commission
Atomic Energy Act Public Use-Too Cheap to Meter

24. Energy Reorganization Act 1974
Atomic energy is capable of application for peaceful as well as
military purposes. It is therefore declared to be the policy of the United
States that:
a. the development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be
directed so as to make the maximum contribution to the general
welfare, subject at all times to the paramount objective of making
the maximum contribution to the common defense and security; and
b. the development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be
directed so as to promote world peace, improve the general welfare,
increase the standard of living, and strengthen free competition in private
enterprise.

25. Act Created the NRC 1975
“To license and regulate the nation's civilian use of byproduct, source, and special nuclear materials in order to ensure the adequate protection of public health and safety, promote the common defense and security, and to protect the environment”

26. NRC Areas of Focus Reactors Materials Waste
“Commercial reactors for generating electric power and research and test reactors used for research, testing, and training”
Materials
“Uses of nuclear materials in medical, industrial, and academic settings and facilities that produce nuclear fuel”
Waste
“Transportation, storage, and disposal of nuclear materials and waste, and decommissioning of nuclear facilities from service”

27. NRC Jurisdiction Licensing and Regulation
Nuclear
Reactors
Materials
Waste
Overlap with EPA/DHS common defense and security” entity
NRC achieves through regulation and licensure (ie passively)
DHS has authority to use force to promote achieve the goal

28. NRC and EPA
If nuclear-related activities affect the air or water, this falls in the EPA’s jurisdiction
For example:
Uranium mining
Public radiation exposure

29. NRC and DHS
When a person or entity is handling nuclear materials/equipment in a way such as to attack or threaten, this falls in the DHS’ jurisdiction
When a person or entity inadvertently creates a potential threat through carelessness or failure to comply with policy, this falls in the NRC’s jurisdiction

30. DOE 1973 and on Department of Energy
Dr. Steven Chu
Secretary
Headquarters:
1000 Independence Ave SW Washington DC

31. DOE—Early History Manhattan Project (Army Corp of Engineers)
Atomic Energy Commission
1973 Gas Shortage
Jimmy Carter: The Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977
assumed the responsibilities of:
Federal Energy Administration
Energy Research and Development Administration
Federal Power Act (1920)

32. Jimmy Carter: Need for coordinated action
The Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977
assumed the responsibilities of:
Federal Energy Administration
Energy Research and Development Administration
Federal Power Act (1920)

33. A 1977 Consolidation Federal Energy Regulatory Commission;
Economic Regulatory Administration;
Automotive research and development sections of the Environmental Protection Agency;
Solar Research and Development from the National Science Foundation; and
Fossil Energy and Development from the Department of the Interior's Office of Coal Research, as well as several Power Administrations.

34. DOE Mission
“to ensure America’s security and prosperity by addressing its energy, environmental and nuclear challenges through transformative science and technology solutions”

35. DOE Areas of Focus Energy Science and Innovation
“Catalyze the timely, material, and efficient transformation of the nation’s energy system and secure U.S. leadership in clean energy technologies.”
Science and Innovation
“Maintain a vibrant U.S. effort in science and engineering as a cornerstone of our economic prosperity with clear leadership in strategic areas.”
Nuclear Safety and Security
“Enhance nuclear security through defense, nonproliferation, and environmental efforts.”
Management and Operational Excellence

36. DOE Jurisdiction Technology Nuclear
Improve the state of energy-based technology
Funding
Patents
Nuclear
Systems and processes
Reduce risk of nuclear proliferation and nuclear materials abuse/misuse
Minimize impact of nuclear energy on environment

37. Agencies Core Concerns
FERC
DOE
Electricity
Fuel
&
Transmission Reliability
Technology
&
Nuclear
NARUC
FEMA
NRC
NERC
Safety
Health
&
Defense
EPA
DHS 37

38. EPA-1970 Environmental Protection Agency
Lisa Jackson – Administrator
Headquarters Pennsylvania Ave, Washington DC

39. History of EPA Conservation Ecology Environmentalism Earth Day
Reorganization Plan No 3 of 1970 – July 9th 1970
EPA Order December 4th 1970
Clean Air Act – 1970

40. EPA Mission/Purpose “EPA's purpose is to ensure that:
all Americans are protected from significant risks to human health and the environment where they live, learn and work;
national efforts to reduce environmental risk are based on the best available scientific information;
federal laws protecting human health and the environment are enforced fairly and effectively;
environmental protection is an integral consideration in U.S. policies concerning natural resources, human health, economic growth, energy, transportation, agriculture, industry, and international trade, and these factors are similarly considered in establishing environmental policy;
all parts of society -- communities, individuals, businesses, and state, local and tribal governments -- have access to accurate information sufficient to effectively participate in managing human health and environmental risks;
environmental protection contributes to making our communities and ecosystems diverse, sustainable and economically productive; and
the United States plays a leadership role in working with other nations to protect the global environment.”

41. EPA Functions Develop and Enforce Environmental Regulations
Develop and Fund Research Topics and Evaluate the Results
Sponsor Partnerships
Teach the Public About the Environment
Publish Information

42. EPA Jurisdiction http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/basics.html
Develop and Enforce Regulations
Coal, Oil, Natural Gas
Air and Water
Pollution
Emissions

44. FEMA W. Craig Fugate- Secretary Headquarters: 500 C St SW
Washington DC

45. FEMA History 1979- Executive order from President Carter forms FEMA
March FEMA joins DHS
October 4th Post-Katrina Emergency Reform Act reorganizes FEMA

46. DHS Janet Napolitano- Secretary Headquarters:
1100 Alabama Avenue SE Washington DC

47. DHS History 9/11/2001- Terrorist attacks on World Trade Center
November 25th Homeland Security Act of 2002
July DHS Reorganization

48. DHS Responsibilities “Prevent Terrorism and Enhance Security”
“Enforce and Administer Our Immigration Laws”
“Ensure Resilience to Disasters”
“Secure and Manage Our Borders”
“Safeguard and Secure Cyberspace”
“Mature and Strengthen DHS”