1. Best Practice Protocols For Response And Recovery Operations In Contaminated Water Systems Center for Water Resource Studies Western Kentucky University Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute University of Kentucky Center for Infrastructure Research University of Louisville Water Resources Research Center University of Missouri KYPipe LLC

2. Problem Statement Decision-Support Tool to Guide Response and Recovery Operations DHS -2008-002-Water: “Decontamination Research” Pre-event–post-event planning robustness Decontamination options Flush–no-flush? Response command structure Regulatory stakeholders, local government, law enforcement, environmental concerns, etc. Factors affecting approach selection NIMS and ICS compatibility

3. Project Focus Multi-scale Local and Regional  Resiliency data  Decision support National  Extrapolated impact and exposure  Policy support Multi-faceted Fact sheets  Scale relevance Expert system  Rules-based Graphical Decision Support Systems (DSS)  Distribution system Training materials  Web-delivered

4. Project Organization Principle Investigator Andrew Ernest WKU/CWRS Project Coordinator Jana Fattic WKU/CWRS Hydraulic Systems Lindell Ormsbee UK/KWRRI Stakeholder Engagement Thomas Rockaway Uof L/CIR Background Research Thomas Clevenger Uof M/WRRC Utility Operations Robert Reed Uof M/WRRC

5. Project Components Decision support tool Background research Stakeholder engagement Decontamination Network Model (DNM) Rules-Based Decision Support Tool (RBDST) Training Education Guidance

6. Literature Search Government Websites Research Databases Environmental Protection Agency Department of Homeland Security Critical Infrastructure Partnership Advisory Council National Incident Management System National Infrastructure Protection Plan Government Accountability Office National Institute of Standards and Technology National Academy of Sciences National Research Council Academic Search Premier Compendex Scopus Technology Research Database Water Research Abstracts

7. Search phrasesASPASCECompScopusTRDWRA Contaminants in drinking water 810425651558103 Removing contaminants from drinking water 29 Contaminants in drinking water systems 239 Removing contaminants from drinking water systems 13 Summary of Literature Searches Databases: ASP = Advanced Search Premier (EBSCO) ASCE = American Society of Civil Engineers Comp = Compendex (Engineering Village) TRD = Technology Resources Database (Illumina) WRA = Water Research Abstract (Illumina)

8. Examples of Decontamination Methods Removal of arsenic/heavy metals Convent.oxid POU filters Nanofiltr Prev osmos Polym-ligand Electrodial Phytofiltr Hydrotalcite Lignocell Iron oxide-sand Electrocoag Nanomaters Sod carbonate Nano/RO Adsorbents Magnetite polym Removal of micro-biologicals Adv coagul POU filters Ceram filters Membr gen Chlorin/chloram Uvperoxide TiO2+sunlight Biogen silver Act carb/GAC Adsorb/filt Low press member UV only Nano materials Removal of Organics Polyelectrolytes Coagul/MIEX/nanofilt Ozone oxid UV254 Biodiatomic reactor Adv oxid UV+perox Sonochem+fent UV only Slow release oxid Activ carb/GAC Nanopatics Nanofiltr/RO Nanofibers Polymers

9. Knowledge Engineering Ontology Model Language Taxonomy Tree Hierarchy Semantics Definition Meaning

10. DECON Knowledge Ontology Issues (CIPAC 2004) Large volumes Practical solutions Treatment works Decision-making frameworks Distribution and collection systems Outreach and training Utility communications Cleanup levels Treatment procedures Agent fate and transport Roles and responsibilities Waivers or suspensions Resources and assets Laboratory analysis Operator health and safety Overarching Remedy Evaluation Criteria (EPA Module 6 2007) Overall protection of human health and environment Compliance with regulations Long-term effectiveness and permanence Reduction in toxicity and mobility Generation of residuals Short-term effectiveness Implementability Relative cost State, support agency, and community acceptance WRF Project #2981 ? EPA Report (Pending) ?

11. DECON Semantic Knowledge Development Stakeholders Engagement Technology deployment Training Technology validation Knowledge Engineering Tabletop Exercises decontamin ation scenarios Technology Review gap assessment DHS, Utilities, Trade Assoc., Bio/Chemical specialists, USEPA, CDC, DHHS, State health departments, End users, NIMS, ICS, etc

12. Stakeholder Engagement Tabletop exercise Working with local utilities to develop a list of ”what if scenarios" a utility may encounter during the decontamination process Establishing typical decontamination protocol, from both the water quality and distribution perspectives The research team has begun gathering material for the table top exercise (TTX) The UofL research team is attending a workshop “Tabletop Exercise Tool for Water Systems: Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Climate“ - November 9 th, 2010 Peer review Began compiling a list of possible independent technical reviewers for the state-of-the-art decontamination report

13. Semantic Knowledge -> Decision Support Tool notify ? flush ? isolate ? disposal ? where ? volume ? when ? what else ? health impacts? environmental ?

14. Preliminary NDM Needs Assessment Commercially available Water Distribution analysis software (products with major market share) KYPIPE – developed at the University of Kentucky in 1970s - (primary focus on small to medium sized systems – all software is fully supported by original developers and engineering staff) H2ONET – developed by MWHSoft - (primary focus on large systems and supporting engineering services) Water CAD – developed by Haestad Methods - (Bentley Software) EPANET2 – developed by Environmental Protection Agency - (limited technical support) Professional contacts KYPIPE: Dr. Don J. Wood H2ONET: Dr. Paul Boulos Water CAD: Dr. Tom Walski EPANET2: Dr. Lewis Rossman TEVA: Dr. Jim Uber Existing technology 2008 BOSC review panel of the EPA Homeland Security Program

15. Network Decontamination Model Use readily available network data from the Kentucky Infrastructure Authority website to build network models of selected systems. Provide interface for automation of the process and functionality to allow for the input of other critical data (e.g. valve locations, hydrants, etc.). GIS Datasets Network Decontamination Model (NDM) Network Decontamination Model (NDM)

16. KIA-WRIS Geospatial Data Download KY Water GIS coverages Go to http://kia.ky.gov Click on the WRIS tab Select geospatial data from the menu Download water layers Extract the.zip files

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22. What will be the final disposition of the flushed water? Where will the water flow? If the system should be flushed, using what hydrant(s)? What is the associated volume of water that will be isolated? If the system should be flushed, can the “upstream” part of the system be used or does the system need to be isolated and flushing water pumped through a hydrant? If so, which hydrant? If the system needs to be isolated, using what valve(s)?

23. Export to KYPIPE What additional system components (e.g. pumps, tanks) need to be changed in support of system flushing or isolation? How can water be provided to those denied service due to the isolation? What is the operational impact associated with the rest of the system? What operational steps need to be taken to maintain normal conditions until decontamination is complete? KYPIPE Network Decontamination Model (NDM) Network Decontamination Model (NDM) R

24. Rules-Based Decision Support Tool Decision Information (facts) Inference engine User’s documents Knowledge base Knowledge Acquisition System Human experts AI data mining AI data mining User Who should be notified? How? When? What are the potential health impacts? Immediate? Short- term? What are the environmental concerns? When should decontamination be implemented? What decontamination strategy should be taken? What post event information needs to be provided to decision makers, utility customers, and the general public?

25. Heuristic Process Validation with Mechanistic Model Note: Project funded by the Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation (KSTC) - Commercialization Fund

26. Sensor Placement Rules Public Health concern engine design Selects pipes with diameters greater or equal to 8 inches Selects where chlorine residual concentration is below 0.2mg/L Takes the sum of the pipes lengths and divide by 2 to create impact zone radius Calculates demand of meters within each impact zone Selects fittings with high impact Centrality engine design Selects fittings with more than 3 connections Takes the sum of the pipes lengths and divide by 2 to create impact zone radius Calculate meters within each impact zone Selects fittings with high impact Accessibility engine design Locates pipes with diameter greater than or equal to 8 inches Locates minor pipes that are attached Calculates reduction fraction (minor pipe flow/major pipe flow) Selects pipes with a high reduction fraction

27. EPANET Mechanistic Response

28. Spatial RBDSS Execution GIS “Facts” “Rules” OO jDrew Results GIS Rulebase Factbase Results

29. Develop Training Materials Software Training notebooks Quick cards Tutorial videos Virtual environments Simulators AI-driven training Academic curricula Water system security Distribution system decontamination Economic resilience Operational hydraulics

30. Technology Deployment Workshop Implementation Demonstration Feedback Revisions FeedbackRevisions

31. Commercialization Rules-Based Decision Support Tool – (RBDST) Network Decontamination Model – (NDM) Open Environment, PLLC Professional Limited Liability Company Roots - established 2009 Center for Water Resource Studies (CWRS) Water resources capacity development Ernest and Sons Holistic solutions for developing regions Members CWRS Leadership Team KYPIPE LLC www.kypipe.com Historically dominant pipe network analysis technology provider Current project commercialization partner Business model - traditional licensing Commercialization - product- based deliverables

32. Pending Tasks Prototype Web-service deployment WDNDDSS integration Rules base Decon “state of the art” Process rules and geospatial fact conformance Codification and validation Training Materials development Deployment and validation Commercialization Market assessment Product specification Licensing and deployment

33. Project Status - Summary Decision Support Tool Background Research Stakeholder Engagement Decontamination Network Model Rules-Based Decision Support Tool Training Education Guidance