1. AQUAREC Project Centre for Water Systems AQUAREC Project Centre for Water Systems D. Joksimovic

2. Presentation Outline Background Integrated Decision Support Systems in Water Reuse WTRNet Structure and Features Development of design principles Conclusions

3. Background AQUAREC Integrated Concepts for Reuse of Upgraded Wastewater Objectives –Provision of policy guidelines and water quality standards for municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse –Collection and validation of best management practices –Development of reference manuals and as step by step guides for future end-users –Evaluation, selection and standardization of technological concepts and components for wastewater recycling

4. AQUAREC Project WP1: Analysis of European water market and supply & demand studies WP2: Definition of key objectives for water reuse concepts WP3: Development of integrated water reuse strategies WP4: Development of analysis tools for social, economic and ecological effects of water reuse WP5: Methodologies for public acceptance studies and consultation WP6: Management guidelines for the implementation and operation of water reuse cycles WP7: Characterisation and assessment of technology in water reuse cycles WP8: Development and validation of system design principles for water reuse systems WP9: Project management and dissemination

5. Background Develop and validate design principles for water reuse systems by using simulation and optimisation softwareAQUAREC Work Package 8 Objective Develop and validate design principles for water reuse systems by using simulation and optimisation software –Infrastructural aspects of wastewater reuse systems –Integration of distribution and treatment elements –Assess feasibility of decentralised water reuse systems –Systems integration and compatibility with industrial water supply systems

6. Integrated DSS in Water Reuse Treatment Train Simulation Model (Synthesis and Evaluation) Treatment Train Simulation Model (Synthesis and Evaluation) Reclaimed Water Wastewater Influent WWTP - Potential Reclaimed Water Users - Storage Facilities - Distributed Treatment - Pumping Facilities

7. Integrated DSS in Water Reuse Generation and screening of treatment trains –Address limitations of existing tools Open and user-friendly environment Suggestions for complete treatment trains Rules for combining unit processes Water distribution systems –Network topology –Sizing of pumping, transmission and storage facilities

8. WTRNet Structure Control Module Graphical User Interface Treatment Performance Module Distribution System Sizing Module Model Knowledge Base OptimisationModule

9. WTRNet Features Regional data –Hydraulic loading –Pollutant concentrations –General costing information –Evaluation criteria for treatment trains

10. WTRNet Features Evaluation Criteria

11. WTRNet Features End uses of reclaimed water –Industrial –Potable –Urban –Groundwater recharge –Environmental and recreational –Agriculture

12. WTRNet Features Unit processes information –Pollutant removal efficiencies –Costs Construction O&M –Resources Land Labour Energy Sludge and concentrates

13. WTRNet Features Sludge treatment and disposal

14. WTRNet Features

15. Select End Use/Source water Combination Suggested Treatment Train Treatment Train Evaluation Results Effluent Quality Percent Pollutant Removed/Remaining Evaluation Criteria Scores Costs and Resources Modify Treatment Train Select Sludge Treatment and Disposal

16. WTRNet Features Add Unit Process to Treatment Train Add More Processes by Selecting From Lists of Possible Pre- and Post-cursors Treatment Train Evaluation Results Effluent Quality Percent Pollutant Removed/Remaining Evaluation Criteria Scores Costs and Resources Select End Use and Source water Select Sludge Treatment and Disposal

17. WTRNet Features Layout Distribution System Components Set Nodes Properties Set Links Properties Least Cost Distribution System Design Optimal operating strategy and storage sizes determined simultaneously Linear Programming used to size pump stations and pipe segments

18. WTRNet Features

20. Simple GA for selection of end- users Enumeration of treatment trains for each combination of end-users Enumeration of all end-user combinations Enumeration of treatment trains for each combination of end-users Comprehensive GA for simultaneous selection of optimal set of end-users and treatment train Secondary Effluent Primary Effluent Raw Sewage Large Small No. of Potential End-users

21. Development of Design Principles KyjovLondon Applied WTRNet to two case studies

22. Development of Design Principles 45%34%

23. Development of Design Principles

24. Least-cost treatment patterns– Kyjov case study 100% - surface filtration, ion exchange, chlorine dioxide 400% 90% - surface filtration, ion exchange, chlorine dioxide 3% - micro filtration, ion exchange 7% - surface filtration, advanced oxidation (UV/H 2 O 2 ), SAT 90% - surface filtration, ion exchange, chlorine dioxide 300% 55% - surface filtration, advanced oxidation (UV/H 2 O 2 ), SAT 6% - micro filtration, ion exchange 55% - surface filtration, advanced oxidation (UV/H 2 O 2 ), SAT 3% - maturation pond, surface filtration, micro filtration 35% - surface filtration, ion exchange, chlorine dioxide 200% 75% - micro filtration, ion exchange 75% - micro filtration, ion exchange 25% - surface filtration, advanced oxidation (UV/H 2 O 2 ), SAT 100% Overview of selected least-cost treatment trains Percentage of projected demand

25. Conclusions WTRNet allows efficient planning level evaluation of integrated reuse schemes Treatment train assembly rules greatly reduce the number of design alternatives Incorporated optimisation methodologies appropriate for the size of the problem

26. Conclusions Variability in total lifecycle cost is a direct result of the distribution system costs Distribution system - a significant portion of total scheme lifecycle cost Patterns in selection of least-cost treatment trains

27. Acknowledgements European Commission AQUAREC Project partners –RWTH Aachen, Chemical Engineering Department, Germany –Aquafin NV – Water Body of Flanders, Belgium –Centre for Research and Technology, Hellas, Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute, Greece –Technical University Delft, Department of Water Management, Netherlands –Mekorot Water Company Ltd., Israel