1. QOTD - NO MARK QUIZ 1. The number of deer in a forest is called…
THE POPULATION
2. Which does not belong? Sunshine, Water, Dirt or a rotting log?
ROTTING LOG (Biotic)
3. Name one ecologically significant region in Can.
GREAT LAKES, PRAIRIES, CDN. SHIELD, ETC.
4. The variety of living things is called…
BIODIVERSITY
5. The process by which plants produce food is…
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

2. ECOSYSTEMS 101
DECIDUOUS FOREST
BOREAL FOREST
THE TUNDRA
GRASSLANDS

3. Energy in an Ecosystem
All living elements play a role in the functioning of an ecosystem.
As energy flows through the ecosystem, it is passed from one organism to another.
The energy coming into an ecosystem originates from the Sun.

4. Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light C6H12O6 + 6O2 RAW MATERIALS
PRODUCTS

5. Producers
Capture energy from the sun and convert it to food energy (Photosynthesis).
Plants use this food energy and soil nutrients to live and reproduce.
When plants are eaten, some of this energy is passed along.

6. Types of Consumers Consumers must eat to obtain their energy.
All animals are consumers
HERBIVORE

7. Types of Consumers
CARNIVORE
OMNIVORE

8. Types of Consumers
SCAVENGERS

9. Decomposers After a consumer dies, nutrients are returned to the soil
Decomposers recycle nutrients back to producers by breaking down dead matter.
Moulds and Bacteria finish the job!

10. Cellular Respiration Sugar + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide
C6H12O6 + 6O H2O + 6CO2
RAW MATERIALS PRODUCTS
Sugar + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide

11. Photosynthesis and Respiration
Complementary processes – check it out…
Photosynthesis:
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light → C6H12O O2
Cellular Respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6CO2

12. FOOD CHAIN
A connection of organisms showing the transfer of energy from one organism to the next.

13. Question…
WHAT’S WRONG WITH JUST USING FOOD CHAINS TO DESCRIBE THE RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN ECOSYSTEMS?
FOOD WEBS are more realistic!

14. TROPHIC LEVELS
A way of categorizing living things according to how they gain their energy.
The 1st trophic level contains Autotrophs (organisms that make their own food)
Each higher level contains Heterotrophs (eat others for energy)

15. TROPHIC LEVELS (Cont.) TERTIARY CONSUMERS Eg. HAWK – TOP CARNIVORE 4th
SECONDARY CONSUMERS
Eg. SPARROW
3rd
PRIMARY CONSUMERS
Eg. INSECTS
2nd
PRODUCERS (AUTOTROPHS)
Eg. GRASS
1st

16. TROPHIC LEVELS (Cont.)

17. TROPHIC LEVELS (Cont.)

18. Energy Flow! What is this illustration telling us? -Trophic levels
- Food web
- Energy Transfer?

19. Not all of the Sun’s energy is captured.
As you go along up the trophic levels, energy is lost.

20. Energy Pyramid
[1 joule is the absolute minimum amount of energy required (on the surface of Earth) to lift a one kilogram object up by a height of 10 centimeters.]
So each level loses about 90% of the energy in the previous level! And where does it go?
HEAT!

21. BIOMASS! Biomass Pyramid
The dry weight of all organisms in all in an ecosystem is known as:
BIOMASS!
So: As the amount of energy decreases ↓, so does the BIOMASS.
Therefore: there are fewer animals at each trophic level

22. Numbers Pyramid For example, in an forest ecosystem:
- Grasses = 10,000,000,000 organisms
- Grasshoppers = 27,000,000
- Frogs = 90,000
- Trout = 300
- Bear = 5

23. Bioaccumulation
Bioaccumulation: How substances (usually toxic) build up in a biological system
Biomagnification
↑ increased concentration of a toxin in the bodies of consumers at each trophic level.

24. MeHg = Methyl Mercury

25. Here is another look. This picture shows how weather through water works in spreading toxins.

26. THE END!!!