1. A Clash of Values 17-3

2. Nativism Resurges Disillusionment and intolerance – Economic recession right after WWI – Increase in immigrants During WWIlow immigration 1921back up to prewar levels Southern and eastern Europe – Cultural tensions – Fear and prejudiceGermans and communists Bombings, strikes, recession = immigrants fault Expanded to include all immigrants Returning soldier jobs to immigrants

3. The Sacco and Vanzetti Case April 15, 1920 – Two men robbed and murdered two employees of a shoe factory in Massachusetts – Police arrested two Italian immigrants Nicola Sacco Bartolomeo Vanzetti – Evidence questionable – Sacco and Vanzetti reported as anarchists

4. Sacco and Vanzetti (cont) July 14, 1921 found guilty After six years (Aug 23, 1927) the two men were executed

5. Return of the Ku Klux Klan Old KKK flourished in the South after Civil War – Used threats and violence to intimidate/kill newly freed African Americans New KKK targets: Catholics, Jews, immigrants, others considered to be un- American

6. Return of the KKK (cont) William J. Simmonsfounded the new KKK in Georgia (1915) – Former preacher and wanted to preserve white, Protestant civilization 1920Simmons used professional promoters to sell Klan membership 19244 million Klansmen (South AND North) Decline in membership in the late 1920s due to scandal and internal power struggles

7. Controlling Immigrants Nativist: Keep America American Business leaders favored immigration as a source of cheap labor – Now saw immigrants as radicals 1921Emergency Quota Actrestricted annual admission to U.S. to 3% of total number of people in that ethnic group already living in the country

8. Controlling Immigrants (cont) 1924National Origins Actimmigration restriction permanent – 2% quota from 1890 census Less eastern and southern European immigrants

9. Hispanic Immigration Reduction in competition from European immigrants for jobs Employers needed laborers for agricultural, mining, and railroad work – Natives of western hemisphere exempt from quota system Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902funded irrigation projects in the SW and led to the creation of a large factory farms that needed lots of workers End of 1920s = almost 700,000 Mexican immigrants