1. English Language Arts 9 Unit 9: Drama Gertz-Ressler High School Alliance for College-Ready Public Schools

2. Gertz-Ressler HS 1. What are our unit focus standards? 2. Which learning tasks can we choose? 3. When are our deadlines? 4. What is the art of drama? 5. How does drama differ from narrative? 6. What dramatic terms must we know? Learning Questions

3. Drama Unit: Lesson 1: Focus Standards

4. Gertz-Ressler HS High Priority Focus Standards Categories  Reading – Vocabulary, Word Analysis  Reading - Literary Response and Analysis  Writing – Research & Technology  Other Standards – See Self-Assessment Rubric before beginning the Unit Project.

5. Gertz-Ressler HS High Priority Focus Standards Reading - Word Analysis R1.1 Literal and figurative meanings and word derivations. R1.2 Denotative and connotative meanings. R1.3 Greek, Roman, and Norse myths, word origins and meanings

6. Gertz-Ressler HS High Priority Focus Standards Reading - Literary Analysis 3.2 Structural: Compare/contrast how themes or topics are expressed through different genres. 3.3 Narrative: Compare/contrast interactions of main and subordinate characters (internal and external conflicts, motivations, relationships, influences) and how they affect the dramatic plot. 3.4 Narrative: Determine characters’ traits expressed in dialogue, monologue, and soliloquy.

7. Gertz-Ressler HS High Priority Focus Standards Reading - Literary Criticism 3.11 Aesthetic approach: Evaluate the artistry of style, especially how diction and figurative language (imagery and ambiguity) create tone, mood, and theme. 3.12 Historical approach: Analyze how the play expresses or responds to themes and issues of its historical period.

8. Gertz-Ressler HS High Priority Focus Standards Writing Strategies–Research & Technology 1.5 Synthesize multiple sources, noting complexities and discrepancies. 1.13 Analyze emotional appeals and logical arguments (authority definition, analogy, circumstance, evidence, causality). 1.14 Identify the aesthetic effects (style) of media presentations, and evaluate the techniques used to create them (e.g., compare text with film)

9. Drama Unit: Lesson 2: Learning Tasks

10. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 2: Which learning tasks can we choose? Drama Unit Project - Requirements  Team-read A Midsummer Night’s Dream.  Keep an individual Reading Journal.  Produce a one-act play based on Greek, Roman, or Norse myth: each student must complete two of six tasks (next page).  Write an individual reflection.

11. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 2: Which learning tasks can we choose? How to create Drama Reading Journal Fold your paper vertically into three columns. The left section is for the 5- 8 line reading passage you select. The middle column is for your paraphrase or summary interpretation of the passage. The right column is for your personal comments and observations on underlying meanings (symbolic) or connections with life today. PassagePara- phrase Comments

12. Gertz-Ressler HS Citing your sources  How to cite where you find your passage: I, i, 200-201 …means Act 1, scene I, lines

13. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 2: Which learning tasks can we choose? Select two or more tasks and collaborate! 1) Write a “treatment” summarizing the setting, characters, situation, and plot. 2) Design stage set, properties, or costumes. 3) Write the play (action, dialogue, mono- logue, soliloquy, aside, and directions). 4) Write a musical theme with three verses and refrain. 5) Direct or act in the play on video tape. 6) Write a circular letter promoting your play to the class.

14. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 2: Which learning tasks can we choose? How to write your reflection  After your production, write an individual reflection: 1) Describe how well you worked and the team worked together, 2) Evaluate the team project, and 3) Explain what you can do to improve your work.

15. Drama Unit: Lesson 3: Deadlines

16. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 3: What are our deadlines? Plan your production schedule 4/13-14 Act I-II4/16-17 Act III 4/20-21 Act IV4/23-24 Act V 4/27-28 Film & Comparative Chart 4/30-5/1 Comparative Essay (Assess) 5/05-06 Written Project Due 5/11-18 Project Performances, Reflections, and Unit 9 Self-Assessments due.

17. Drama Unit: Lesson 4: What is “drama” and dramatic art?

18. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 4: What is “drama”? Word origins and meanings  The words theater and drama come from Greek words that were pronounced nearly the same.  A theater (noun) usually refers to a space or to the abstract idea of plays performed in that place.  Drama (noun) usually means the play itself or its intense emotional activity.

19. Gertz-Ressler HS Know and understand that dramatic moments in our lives and on the stage result from human choices and decisions, and the intensity of human emotions. Lesson 4: What is “drama”? To appreciate dramatic art…

20. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 4: What is “drama”? Choices and decisions o Aristotle believed that action is the core of drama, because o our actions make us happy or unhappy and o our characters cause our actions. (The Poetics)

21. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 4: What is “drama”? Intense feelings Playwright and screenwriter David Mamet believes we create drama by exaggerating our emotions (Four Uses of the Knife).

22. Drama Unit: Lesson 5: How does drama differ from narrative?

23. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 5: How does drama differ from narrative? Real -Time Performance  Real time dialogue and action.  Action stays close to dramatic plot.  Unity of Time, Place, and Action.  Unity of Character creates credibility and meaning.

24. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 5: How does drama differ from narrative? Dramatic Plot Unlike narrative, drama presents action for the characters and audience simultaneously (at the same time).

25. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 5: How does drama differ from narrative? Dramatic Plot Dramatic action can occur in real time and real space, simulating real cause-and-effect events. “The Three Unities”: one Place, continuous Time, and sequential Action.(Aristotle, The Poetics)

26. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 5: How does drama differ from narrative? Dramatic Plot And the viewer, like a child looking through a window, sees all that occurs “in the now”.

27. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 5: How does drama differ from narrative? Dramatic Plot Map EXPOSITION RISING ACTION (Complications) CRISIS CLIMAX (Point of highest emotion or action) FALLING ACTION (“Untying” the complications) RESOLUTION

28. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 5: How does drama differ from narrative? Dramatic art also employs… Unity of Character (ethos): To be meaningful and credible to the audience, a character’s motivations (goals, desires, obstacles, and fears) must be closely connected to his or her beliefs and values.

29. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 5: How does drama differ from narrative? Compare Types of Drama & Narrative ComedyEnds happily, often with a wedding; virtue is rewarded; evil, justly punished. TragedyEnds sadly for a noble protagonist who tries but fails due to his or her own tragic “flaw” or error. RomanceA heroic protagonist overcomes temptation to find his “better half.” Melo- drama A domestic drama with character stereotypes and exaggerated emotions. Tragi- comedy Begins with a tragic or potentially circumstance but ends with a degree of justice or realism.

30. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 5: How does drama differ from narrative? Contrast Drama & Narrative DramaNarrative Real-time dramatic plot (dialogue and action.) Narrative often reorders or interprets action. Action stays close to dramatic plot. Narrative elaborations postpone action. Unity of Time, Place, and Action Exposition juxtaposes settings and characters. Characters’ values create credibility/theme. Narrative interprets character motivation.

31. Drama Unit: Lesson 6: What literary terms must we know?

32. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 6: What terms must we know? Review poetic figures of thought  Pun – a play on words that carries two meaning  Double-entendre – a pun with one meaning that is a bit scandalous or critical  Allusion – indirect reference referring to another text / event in literature, history, person, place, etc.

33. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 6: What terms must we know? Parts of the play  Act, scene, five-act, four-act, one- act, interlude, masque.  Dialogue, monologue, soliloquy, aside.  Setting, situation, characters, properties, costumes, lighting

34. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 6: What terms must we know? Parts of the Play Actmain division of a play Scenesubdivision of an act Five Acta full-length play following the dramatic plot Three or Four Act a full-length play compressing the dramatic plot and splitting the climax between acts One Acta short play about a single event. Interludea one-act usually performed in the middle of another play, often to music or song. Masque:a dance-play performed in silence, to song, or with limited dialogue.

35. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 6: What terms must we know? Parts of the Play Dialogue conversation between two characters Monologue direct, uninterrupted speech by one character to others. Soliloquy speech by one character talking to him- or herself and not overheard by others even if they are also on stage. Aside words spoken directly to the audience and not overheard by other characters.

36. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 6: What terms must we know? Parts of the Play  Primary characters: protagonist/antagonist  Secondary characters: supporting role, dramatic foil, deus ex machina  Dynamic, static, flat, and round characters.

37. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 6: What terms must we know? Kinds of Characters primaryA main or central character. protagonist“first actor;” central character attempting progress antagonist“anti-actor;” opposes progress of the protagonist secondarySupporting character or dramatic foil dramatic foil Provides contrast that helps define another, primary character. deus ex machina “god from the machinery;” a device used to artificially forward or resolve the plot.

38. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 6: What terms must we know? Types of characters Dynamic (changing or growing in action) Static (unchanging through action) Round (with multiple traits, virtues, vices) Flat (with a single trait, virtue, vice) DYNAMICSTATIC ROUNDROUND BottomOberon FLATFLAT ?Puck

39. Gertz-Ressler HS Lesson 6: What terms must we know? Dramatic Outcomes / Resolutions TragicInspiring pity (pathos) or grief. Comedic SatisfyingInspiring pleasure, happiness, comfort SurprisingInspiring fear or delight Ironic (reverses the expected outcome) Inspiring mixed emotions and thought

40. Gertz-Ressler HS Get started, and enjoy! Remember, “The play’s the thing!” -- William Shakespeare “…The play's the thing Wherein I'll catch the conscience of the King.” Hamlet II, 2, 603-605