3. I.I. vs. FPD Pros of FPDs Low weight and dimension ) Stability through device life Better image quality

4. Non ideal trajectory Irregular sampling step Off-line calibration required A calibration ring phantom with metal beads is used for calibration. Calibration should be performed for each used scan trajectory, since mechanical distortion is specific Calibration sets the correct correspondence between 2D projection and 3D position. It is repeated weekly.

5. Workstation Processing MIP (Maximum Intensity Projection) SSD (Surface Shaded Display)

6. Workstation Processing Surface vs. Volume Rendering Virtual Navigator

7. Workstation Processing Processing della workstation Coils and Clips Calibrated anatomycal measures Opposite to DSA (Digital Subtraction Angiography), which deletes still objects, this algorithm does reconstruct high contrast objects not moving and varying during the scan and enhances them over the vascular anatomy

8. Risultati Immagine DSA standard Aneurismi multipli dell’arteria carotide interna Viste ottenute con Volume Rendering (differenti proiezioni) Aneurismi multipli dell’arteria carotide interna

9. Dental FPD CT

11. Giuseppe Gentil, Francesco Maffesanti, Massimo Molinari, 2005/06 Multislice helical CT

12. scan start multi-row detector array trajectory of the rotating x-ray tube focal spot direction of continuous bed shift

13. multi-row detector array

14. z axis multi-row detector array

15. Reslicing

16. Maximum intensity projection

17. Rendering

18. Navigation

19. CRANIOPLASTICS Application in the field of maxillo-facial surgery -Precise cranial CT scan - Import into specific SW environment; e.g., Mimics (Materialize’s Interactive Medical Image Control System) - Segmentation of skull - Vectorization into a CAD environment - Design of prosthesis - Construction by 3D rapid prototiping GANTRY TILT = 0°

20. Segmentation by Thresholding

21. Segmentation by Region Growing and regular contouring by NURBS Polinomial contours by NonUniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) 3D

22. Application: from 3D virtual model to real model by rapid prototyping

23. Application: design of prosthesis

24. Rapid prototyping by stereo-lithography

25. The polymer prototype is not directly used. Conversely, it is used as 3D model for fabrication or to create a mold (it stampo) were the final material is cast. Final material can be autologous or donor bone, hydroxyapatite, PMMA, Titanium silicon-rubber mold

26. La Cranioplastica I Materiali I materiali usati finora per la cranioplastica sono stati molteplici, ma molti di loro sono stati abbandonati per diversi motivi: scarsa biocompatibilità, ridotta maneggevolezza nel modellamento, alto costo… I materiali maggiormente utilizzati oggi sono: Osso autologoTitanio IdrossiapatitePMMA

27. La Cranioplastica Tecnica Chirurgica 1.Posizionamento paziente 2.Rimozione adesione pelle–dura madre

28. La Cranioplastica 3. Applicazione acqua ossigenata (disinfettare e coagulare)

29. Surgical implant of skull prosthesis

30. ECG gating for Cardiac CT

35. Small animal (rat) CT