1. Overview of CEDM work on mitigation

2. Mitigation R1: Integration of variable and intermittent renewables R2: Economic, lifecycle and behavioral assessments of PHEVs and EVs R3: Public choice and decision support for low-carbon of electric generation mix (also P2) R4: Behavioral and engineering-economic assessment of energy efficiency R4.1: Behavioral field studies of smart meters (Pepco) R4.2: Preference studies of high efficiency lighting (also P4) R4.3: Economic and behavioral studies of rebound R4.4: Energy poverty: definition and implications for rebound effect R4.5: Community energy plans and DM for collaboration between municipal governments & developers R5: Energy Policy evaluation (including feed-in tariffs) R6: Carbon accounting including foot printing R6.1: Carbon Neutral Government mandate in BC and implications for DM, learning and spillovers R6.2: Carbon intensity of primary energy sources – sorting out the implication of highly integrated energy systems. R7: Adaptive management in CCS regulation R8: Engineering, economic and policy analysis of SMRs R9: CO 2 emissions from commercial air operations R10: Economic, regulatory, and policy issues related to hydrofracking for shale gas R11: PUCs in adoption of low carbon generaton technology R12: Marginal emissions factors for the U.S. electricy system Because reducing emissions of GHGs is the single most important thing we can do to limit climate change 2

3. Mitigation Because reducing emissions of GHGs is the single most important thing we can do to limit climate change Inês has already told you about these 3

4. Mitigation Because reducing emissions of GHGs is the single most important thing we can do to limit climate change Inês has already told you about these Scott will tell you about this 4

5. Mitigation R1: Integration of variable and intermittent renewables R2: Economic, lifecycle and behavioral assessments of PHEVs and EVs R3: Public choice and decision support for low-carbon of electric generation mix (also P2) R4: Behavioral and engineering-economic assessment of energy efficiency R4.1: Behavioral field studies of smart meters (Pepco) R4.2: Preference studies of high efficiency lighting (also P4) R4.3: Economic and behavioral studies of rebound R4.4: Energy poverty: definition and implications for rebound effect R4.5: Community energy plans and DM for collaboration between municipal governments & developers R5: Energy Policy evaluation (including feed-in tariffs) R6: Carbon accounting including foot printing R6.1: Carbon Neutral Government mandate in BC and implications for DM, learning and spillovers R6.2: Carbon intensity of primary energy sources – sorting out the implication of highly integrated energy systems. R7: Adaptive management in CCS regulation R8: Engineering, economic and policy analysis of SMRs R9: CO 2 emissions from commercial air operations R10: Economic, regulatory, and policy issues related to hydrofracking for shale gas R11: PUCs in adoption of low carbon generaton technology Because reducing emissions of GHGs is the single most important thing we can do to limit climate change Inês has already told you about these Scott will tell you about this I’ll take a moment now to say a bit about these 5

6. R7: Adaptive management of CCS This work grew out of the CCSReg project (www.CCSReg.org) We have a book in press now with RFF press. 6

7. R7…(Cont.) 7

8. R9: CO 2 emissions from commercial air operations The EU is very focused on this topic, despite the fact that it is a relatively modest part of overall CO 2 emissions. Parth Vaishnav has a poster on this work, so I will not steal his thunder. In the first phase of his work he has focused on ground operations, and has explored: Minimizing use of main engines in taxis. Possible use of various tugs including electric. Possible changed roles for the use of APUs. 8

9. R10: Economic, regulatory, and policy issues related to hydrofracking for shale gas This afternoon Austin Mitchell will present recent work he has completed on bonding for site close-out and remediation. Austin has also worked on several other issues such as water use from PA streams and a set of issues related to radiation risks. However, we also believe that there is an urgent need to undertake a more general assessment of all issues associated with shale gas development. My final few slides summarize many of the impacts that we think should be includes in such an effort. I’ll go fast since I have a handout. 9

10. Environmental Impacts Existing uses, availability, and surface water quality  Wastewater handling, recycling, and treatment methods and technology  Water consumptions and source selection (e.g., freshwater versus acid mine drainage) Protection of underground drinking water sources Exposure to naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM)  From the handling and disposal of solid waste with concentrated uranium and radium  From residential combustion of natural gas with radon Emissions and air quality 10

11. Ecological Impacts Habitat destruction and fragmentation  From well sites and access roads  From new pipelines and other production related facilities Impacts on sensitive or high-value (e.g., sports fishing) watersheds Increased topsoil erosion and siltation of surface waters Reduction of ecosystem sustaining water flows and downstream effects 11

12. Aesthetic impacts Views and vistas Recreational use of wild regions Noise effects/pollution 12

13. Human Health and Safety Health risks from air and water exposures Risks from induced seismicity Risks from truck traffic and infrastructure deterioration Risks from fire and other accidents Risks from handling and disposal of hazardous and radioactive materials Risks from gas transmission and delivery explosions Risks from methane migration and accumulation in buildings 13

14. Social and Economic Impacts Community character and stresses of development (e.g., rising prices, population growth) Value of investment in workforce education and training Future prices and the economics of gas and liquids production Resource development/exploitation strategies and conservation Property values, mineral ownership, and real estate dynamics Condition of and investment in infrastructure and transportation Development of supportive (e.g., steel) and consumptive (e.g., chemical) industries Effects on competitive industries (e.g., coal) Impacts to secondary resource exploitation (e.g., timber, land for agriculture) Degradation of sequestration (e.g., Carbon Capture) capacity Impacts to tourism and recreation-based industries 14

15. Policy environment and its impacts Public perception of shale gas and awareness of key issues and tradeoffs Research support and advocacy of interest groups (e.g., industry, environmental) Industry makeup, self-regulation, and voluntary protections (e.g., pre-drilling water well testing) Regulation, enforcement, and funding Use of preemptive power at Federal and State levels; efficiency gains and consequences Conflict resolution (e.g., financial and legal remedies) Management of shared resources and space (e.g. logging, coal, agriculture) Policies (e.g., incentives, taxes, energy portfolios) that promote domestic utilization or support export of natural gas and liquids Benefits sharing and distribution within and across communities Competitive influences and cooperative strategies Expected future price and demand trajectories Adequacy and use of decision- making tools  Life-cycle assessment  Economic input-output models  Production curves and projections Resource and reserve estimation 15