1. PERIODIC TABLE FAMILIES
The Periodic Table (PT) is a way of organizing information about elements & atomic structure
Groups and families in the PT help us predict properties of elements and how they will behave

2. GROUPS
Elements that react similarly are in the same column called a group
All elements in a group have the same number of valence electrons
Groups are named by numbers
Groups that react similarly are called families

3. FAMILIES Groups that react similarly are called families
Families may be one column, or several columns put together
Families have names instead of numbers

4. FAMILIES EIGHT FAMILIES! Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals
Transitions Metals (includes Lanthanide & Actinide series)
Other Metals
Metalloids
Nonmetals
Halogens
Noble Gases
EIGHT FAMILIES!

5. ALKALI METALS Group 1 (except H)
1 valence electron Very reactive metals, Always combined with another element in nature (like salt)
Lowest ionization energy
2nd lowest electronegativity

6. ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2
2 valence electrons Reactive metals Always combined with nonmetals in nature.
Several are important mineral nutrients (such as Mg and Ca)
2nd lowest ionization energy
3rd lowest electronegativity

7. TRANSITION METALS Groups 3 - 12
2-7 valence electrons less reactive, harder, malleable good conductors of electricity
Average ionization energy
Average electronegativity

8. TRANSITION METALS: LANTHANIDES & ACTINIDES
1-2 Valence electrons
Lanthanide all can be found in nature; only 1 radioactive
Actinide all radioactive & only occur naturally (others all “man-made”)

9. OTHER METALS 3, 4, or 5 Valence electrons
Softer; lower boiling point than transition metals;
4th highest ionization energy
3rd highest electronegativity

10. METALLOIDS (SEIMICONDUCTORS)
3,4,5,or 6 Valence electrons
Acts like metal around non-metals; acts like non-metal around metals
Has some, but not all the CHEMICAL properties of a metal
Used for computer chips & solar panels

11. NONMETALS 1, 4, 5, or 6 valence electrons
Brittle; Poor conductors of electricity
Common element in human body Necessary for life!!
3rd highest ionization energy
2nd highest electronegativity

12. HALOGENS
Group 17
7 valence electrons Very reactive, volatile, diatomic, nonmetals Always found combined with another element in nature
Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth
2nd highest ionization energy
Highest electronegativity
MOST ARE POISONOUS

13. NOBLE/INERT GASES Group 18
8 valence electrons full valence energy levels make them VERY unreactive (inert), monatomic gases
Used in lighted “neon” signs and in blimps
Highest ionization energy
Lowest electronegativity