2.   Started in the 19th century as a reaction to Romanticism.  Began in France as a reaction to the Revolution of 1848 and the continued struggle for democracy.  Coincided with the rise of socialism and Marxism. Origins

3.   Focused on the everyday lives of ordinary people.  Depicted life in the exact way it was seen.  Rejected the emphasis on emotion that was present in Romanticism.  Showcased the working class to show their importance (Socialism and Marxism influence). Characteristics

4.  French Realism

5. The Meeting (1854) Gustave Courbet was the "father" of the realist movement. He said that art was a concrete representation of life and therefore you had to paint real, concrete things.

6. The Stone Breakers (1849)

7. The Wave (1870)

8. The Gleaners (1857) Jean-François Millet was one of the founders of the Barbizon School of Realism which focused on the countryside and nature. Millet was known for his scenes of peasant farmers.

9. Woman Baking Bread (1854)

10. The Potato Harvest (1855)

11. Jules Dupre, Barbizon School The Old Oak (1870)

12. Théodore Rousseau Barbizon Landscape (1850)

13. Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Barbizon School Ville d'Avray (1867)

14. Gargantua (1831) Honoré Daumier was a urban realist who focused on political and social commentary in his art.

15. Le Wagon de troisième classe or The Third-Class Carriage (1864)

16. Self-Portrait (1869)

17. Weaning of the Calves (1879) Rosa Bonheur was a female realist who was famous for her depictions of farm life and animals.

18. The Horse Fair (1855)

19. Ploughing in the Nivernais (1848)

20.  British Realism

21. The Vagrants (1868) Frederick Walker was the father of the English Social Realist Movement and focused on the working class and poor.

22. Fisherman and Gillie, Glen Spean

23. The Old Gate (1875)

24. Hard Times (1885) Hubert von Herkomer was of German descent and as well as a painter was also a pioneer in the film industry. In his art he focused on the lives and conditions of the poor.

25. Our Village (1892)

26. The 'Schuhplattl' Dance (1873)

27.  Russian Realism

28. The Peredvizhniki or Wanders were a group of Russian Realists who did traveling art shows. Their art protested against the aristocracy and focused on the poor and beauty of folk tradition.

29. Vasily Surikov Morning of Streltsy's Execution (1881)

30. Abram Arkhipov The Washer Woman (1901)

31. Vassily Maximov Sick Husband (1881)

32. Viktor Vasnetsov Grave-Digger (1871)

33. Ivan Shishkin Morning in a Pine Forest (1878)

34. Leonid Pasternak Unloading a Train Car (1911)

35. Religious Procession in Kursk Province (1883) Ilya Repin was probably the most renowned Russian Realist. He focused on religion and individuals. Repin and other Russian Realists were less focused on being "realistic" than other Realism Movements.

36. Barge Haulers on the Volga (1873)

37. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks (1891)

38.  Realism in Literature A focus on the everyday lives of normal people.

39.   Middlemarch was an influential British realist novel written by George Eliot (aka Mary Anne Evans).  Honoré de Balzac was a famous French realist author who is considered the father of Realism in literature.  Realist Poets: Theodor Fontane, Gustav Freytag, Gottfried Keller, Wilhelm Raabe, Adalbert Stifter, and Theodor Storm.  Russian Authors: Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Leo Tolstoy, and Ivan Turgenev  And of course, Charles Dickens was also a realist author. Works and Authors