2. 5-2 Huang Ho Valley

3. 1. Geography – large area - coastal plains and river valleys provided good farmland - barriers -Himalayas - Gobi Desert - rugged plateaus - subtropical forests - Pacific Ocean

4. - b/c of barriers and location they had limited contact w/others

5. 2. Huang Ho Valley – developed around 2,000BC - no records - legend - Yu the Great (man-god) drove out dragons and serpents,drained the land - founded the Xia Kingdom

6. - believed people settled near the river for soil - 1800BC villages & farms developed - trade and travel - clay ovens - pottery - small round clay houses

7. 3. Shang – 1 st record of dynasty - 1766BC built cities - temple and palace - public buildings and high government officials homes built around palace - cities were for rich, educated, & skilled people

8. - most lived outside of city - produced silk - polytheistic - worshiped spirits - spirits controlled life - ancestors - decided peoples fate - great respect

9. - Kings received power from spirits & ancestors - used oracle bones - social structure - king - nobles - skilled workers - farmers - #1 occupation

10. - weapons - horse drawn bronze chariots - battles - bronze helmets - bow and arrows - soldiers - poor farmers

11. - very few people could read and write language - over 50,000 symbols - houses faced south for sun

12. 4. Decline – division of classes probably weakened the civilization - they could not fight off invaders - fell about 1122BC to the Zhou -Wu Wang the “Martial King”

13. 5. Zhou – dynasty 1122BC-256BC - introduced the Mandate of Heaven -theory invented by Zhou -The right to rule is granted by Heaven. -There is only one Heaven therefore only 1 ruler -The right to rule is based on the virtue of the ruler -The right to rule is not limited to one dynasty

14. -positive and negative effects -gives the ruler prestige and religious importance -gives the ruler supreme power -allows new to quickly become powerful b/c he has the blessing -power must be kept in check by virtue -justifies overthrow as long as it is successful