1. Overview of Digital Relays
ISO Training
John S. Levine, P.E.
Levine Lectronics & Lectric

2. ISO Training July 22, 2008 Outline
Introduction
Overview of Digital Relays
Tools
Enervista Launchpad
PowerPoint presentations at
GE Digital Relays
Protection Basics
SR489
GE Multilin G30 Training
Post Glover NGR Training
ANSI Symbols handout
Conversion of Electro-Mechanical to Electronic sheet
GE Multilin Training CD’s

3. Trends 75% of Installed Base of Relays are Electromechanical
90% of New Relays Purchased are Digital/Electronic
Lingering Issue of “Putting All Eggs In One Basket”
“No Backup”
“Like to See Disk Move”
Solve with Backup (such as DIAC as backup to SR760 or F60)
Gain Excellent Accuracy and No Setting Drift
Manufacturers have Created Relay Families, thus reducing maintenance, O&M costs and training.

4. Microprocessor-Relay Benefits
Multi-Function Protection Cost Effectiveness
Configurable/Programmable Logic
User Configurable Time Current Curves
Self-Testing of Relay’s Algorithms with Alarm Contact
Reduce Periodic Testing
Every 1-2 years for Electromechanical
Every 5-10 years for Digital (or More!)
Improved System Data
Fault Location & Reporting - Waveform Capturing
Internal Operation Data - Metering
Breaker Health Monitoring - Demand Interval Records
Sequence of Event Reporting

5. Microprocessor-Relay Benefits
Flexible Settings
Multiple Setting Levels
Communication Capabilities
Local via Keypad
Remote via Computer and Modem
Networks can be created
Reduced Panel Space & Wiring
Compact Packaging
Tested at Factory
Eliminate Component Panel Metering

6. Digital Relays - Areas Of Use
Distribution Feeder Protection
Reclosing
Down Conductor Detection
Breaker Failure Protection
Generator Protection
Transmission Line Protection
Transformer Protection
Bus Protection
Motor Protection

7. NEW
OLD

8. Programmability Digital Relays Have: Programmable Inputs
Programmable Outputs (ALARM & TRIP)
Programmable Logic
Boolean Logic - AND, OR, NOT Logic
Programmable Time Current Curves

9. Waveform Capturing Including Bar Plotting of Unit Operation

10. Metering 0.25 - 5% Accuracy on I & V Typical Values
Can Be Accessed Locally or Remotely
Some Relays Have Analog Outputs Proportional to Metering Values (i.e. 0-1mA)
Current
Voltage
Watts, Vars, PF
Frequency
kWh, kVarh
Phase Angles
Min & Max Values with Date & Time Stamp
Harmonic Values of I
Symmetrical Components
Operation Counters
Breaker Position

11. Metering

12. Other Monitoring Breaker Health Monitoring Demand Interval Reporting
Cumulative I2T or IT
Activate Alarm At Set Level
Demand Interval Reporting
15, 30, 60 Minute Intervals over Several Days
I, Watts, Vars, VA, PF
Peak Values Recorded
Date & Time Stamped
Trip & Close Coil Monitor
Fault Location & Fault Reporting

13. Sequence Of Events Recording
Events Stored with Date & Time:
Alarms
Contact Operations
Logins & Logouts
Waveform Captures
Remote Operations
Resets
Setting Changes
Last Events Stored

14. Settings Easier Than Electromechanical/Static Flexible settings
Relays Have Multiple Setting Groups
Can be Switched with Input Contacts or Remotely
Settings Are Stored in Files and Down Loaded to Relay with PC
Easy to Copy Existing Setting Files and Modify
Accurate Implementation of Settings
No Overtravel
No Large Drifts in Set Points
Selection of Reset Times
Fast (Digital) or Slow (Electromechanical)

15. Local Communications
Thru Keypad, Up, Down Arrows, Enter/Select Keys or RS232 Port on Relay
Local LED Display
Reset Key/Button
LED Targets
Password Protection
Phase TOC1 OP
Phase A
Phase B
Alarm
Phase C 87 UP DN
ENTER

16. Communications
You can tie to a PLC. We can tell you the modbus card for each manufacturer.

17. Remote Communications
Thru Rear RS232 or RS485 Port Using Standard Modem Software or Relay Manufacturer’s Communication Software
Password Protection
10Mbps Ethernet Connections - Wire or Fiber
Multiple Protocol Support (DNP3.0, Modbus RTU, Devicenet, Profibus, and IEC 61850)
RELAY
Modem
DSL or
Telephone

18. Substation Communications - LAN & WAN

19. Communications
You can tie to a PLC. We can tell you the modbus card for each manufacturer.

20. Memory Map Example Group Address Description
Current Phase A Current
Phase B Current
Phase C Current
030D Phase A Differential
030E Phase B Differential
030F Phase C Differential
Each setpoint and actual value has an address assigned to it that you can go look at.

21. Available Control by Digital Relays via Communications & Protocols
Reset Data
Min/Max, Demand, etc.
Reset Targets
Operate Output Contacts
Trip & Close
Trigger Waveform Capture
Set Date & Time
Force Input Contact Operation
Block Relay Functions
Perform Setting Changes

22. Maintenance Benefits Self-Test Capabilities Remote Communications
Easy Setting Changes
One Model Could Be Used for Several Applications
No Setting Drift of Digital Relay
Reduced Wiring
Flash Memory
Upgradeable Firmware

23. Today’s Feeder and Transformer Digital Relays

24. DIAC,DIFC,DSFC Single Phase Overcurrent Protection
Digital Overcurrent Relay Platform w/ True RMS Overcurrent Measurement (50/51)
Replace IAC, IFC and SFC relays. . .
Self Powered (no DC Battery Required)
Same case size, no metal modifications
Simply add surge ground lead
User Selection of 16 curve characteristics
Exact Duplication of IAC51, IAC53 & IAC77 Characteristics
Instantaneous Overcurrent Delay Setting
Reset Characteristic Selection (Fast or E/M)
Draw-out Case with Test Facilities
Retrofit existing IAC, IFC and SFC Cases
Very Low Burden (1.8VA)
No Communications 2

25. SR760 - Feeder Protection 16 Samples/Cycle
3 Phase & Ground Overcurrent Protection
Programmable Time Current Curves
Over/Under Voltage
Over/Under Frequency
Synch Check
4 Shot Reclosing
Fault Location
4 Setting Groups
Analog Outputs/Input (8/1)
Metering I, V, W, Var, VA, PF, Hz, Wh, Varh
Waveform Capturing
RS485 Communications
DNP3.0 and Modbus RTU Protocols
Flash Memory for Upgrades
Drawout Construction
Programmable Display
Simulation Test Mode
IRIG-B Time Sync 9

26. SR489 Generator Management Relay
Product Overview
Ideal Protection for Induction and Synchronous Generators at 25, 50 and 60Hz
Complete Generator Protection including:
Generator Stator Differential
2 Zone Distance Backup
100% Stator Ground
High speed sampling, 12 samples per cycle
Drawout Case Installation
Powerful Fault Recording: Waveform, Sequence of Events
Ethernet and Serial Communications
EnerVista Suite of Software supported
Metering of all important parameters

27. SR489 Protection Functions
Protection Functions Include:
Generator Stator Differential
Backup Distance Protection
100% Stator Ground
Generator Unbalance
Loss of Excitation
Accidental Energization
Breaker Fail
Phase Overcurrent – Voltage Restraint
Neutral Inst. / Timed Overcurrent
Neg. Sequence Overcurrent
Under / Over Voltage
Under / Over Frequency
Generator Thermal Model
RTD Temperature
Overexcitation – Volts/Hertz

28. SR745 - Transformer Protection
64 Samples/Cycle
3 Phase Differential Protection
3 Phase & Ground Overcurrent per Winding
Adaptive Time Overcurrent
Programmable Time Current Curves
Loss of Life Monitoring (Opt.)
4 Setting Groups
Harmonic Analysis (up to 25st)
Angle & Zero Sequence Compensation
Analog Outputs/Input (Opt.)
2 & 3 Winding Models
Configurable Logic
Waveform Capturing & Playback
Simulation Test Mode
Flash Memory for Upgrades
RS485 Communications
Modbus RTU and DNP3.0 Protocols
Programmable Display
Dynamic CT Ratio Correction
IRIG-B Time Sync
Transformer Management
Relay
SR745 13

29. “The Engine for Substation / Plant Automation”
The UR Family - One Common Architecture
TRANSMISSION
L60 (Transmission Line: Phase Comparison)
L90 (Transmission Line: Current Differential)
D30, D60, abd D90 (Transmission Line: Distance)
B30 and B90 (Busbar: 6 to 24 Feeder)
DISTRIBUTION
F35 (Feeder: Multiple Feeders - Basic Protection)
F60 (Feeder: Comprehensive w Hi-Z)
T60 (Transformer: Comprehensive)
C30 (Control IED)
C60 (Breaker Management IED)
GENERATION / MOTOR
G30 and G60 (Generator: Comprehensive)
T60 and T35 (Transformer: Basic up to 6 Windings)
B30 and B90 (Busbar: Comprehensive up to 24 Feeders)
M60 (Motor)
“The Engine for Substation / Plant Automation”

30. Modular Hardware Family

31. Status Inputs / Control Outputs
Physical Realization
19’’ Chassis
(4RU high) or
Vertical Unit
High-Speed Data Bus
Modules
Main Processor
CPU
Power Supply
COMMUNICATIONS
DSP & Magnetics
DSP processor + CT/VTs
Status Inputs / Control Outputs
DIGITAL I/O
ANALOG I/O
Analog Transducer I/O
Modular
HMI
(Hinged & Removeable)

32. Modularity... CPU DSP + CT/VT Power Supply Two Ranges 19-60 VDC (L)
VDC / VAC (H)
Battery for Memory Backup
CPU
Main Processor
High-speed 32-Bit RISC CPU
> 50 MIPS, up to 120 MIPS
(MIPS - Million Instructions per Second) FLASH memory
Easy firmware upgrades
High-Speed Comms support
10Mbps Ethernet LAN
Redundant Fiber (option)
RS485
IRIG-B Input
Capacitor Memory Backup
DSP + CT/VT
DSP & Magnetics
DSP processor + CT/VTs
Modular CT/VT configurations
up to 8 CT/VTs
High-speed digital sampling
>16 Bit A/D converter
> 64 samples / cycle
High-speed 16-Bit DSP
> 32 MIPS, up to 80 MIPS
“Sources” Concept
User Selects CT/VT Input for
Protection Element

33. Status Inputs / Control Outputs
Modularity... !
Control outputs
Solid State
Electromechanical - multiple types
Fast activation speeds (< 4ms)
Status inputs
Dry and Wet contacts
VDC
Fast detection speeds
(< 4ms)
Status Inputs / Control Outputs
DIGITAL I/O
Digital I/O
Transducer type inputs
dcmA
RTD
Support multiple I/O configurations
Analog I/O
Analog Transducer I/O
ANALOG I/O
Communications
COMMUNICATIONS
(Protection)
High-Speed Serial Communications
L90 Relay
RS422 at 64kbps
G.703 at 64kbps
Fiber Optical (Single/Multi mode)
820nm Multi-mode
1300nm Single-mode
1300nm Multi-mode
G.703
RS422
L60 Relay
5V/20mA Channel Interface

34. ‘Upgradeability’/Serviceability
‘Plug n Play’
Easy Module
Draw-out
CPU Automatically
Recognizes New
Hardware upon
Initialization
CT Shorting
‘Clips’
Field Wiring
Undisturbed
Module
Keying

35. Example: Busbar with 5 Feeders79 79 79 79 79

36. Example: Inputs in to UR Relay
CT1
VT1
CT2
CT3
CT4
CT5

37. Example: UR Relay using Sources79 79 79 79 79
Universal Relay
50-Inst, 51-Time, 81-Freq, 79- Reclose

38. F60 Feeder Protection Single Feeder Protection with Bus Voltage
Phase, Neutral & Ground Time Overcurrent (51P, 51N, 51G)
Phase, Neutral & Ground Inst.Overcurrent (50P, 50N, 50G)
Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent (51_2)
Negative Sequence Inst.Overcurrent (50_2)
Fast or EM Reset Characteristic for TOC Elements
Phase, Neutral and Negative Sequence Directional Control
Phase Undervoltage & Overvoltage
Negative Sequence Overvoltage
Underfrequency (6 elements)
Overfrequency
4 Shot Autoreclosing with Sequence Coordination
VT Fuse Failure
Programmable Fast & Slow Operations
Breaker Failure (50BF)
Synchrocheck (25)
Cold Load Pickup
Breaker Arcing Current (I2t)
Data Logger & Fault Location
Transducer I/O
FlexLogic with gates and timers
Programmable LED Panels
Metering
Harmonic Metering (up to 25th)
Oscillography
Event Recorder & Fault Records
Demand Recording
DNP, Modbus RTU & UCA Protocols
8 Setting Groups
Down Conductor Detection (Optional)

39. F35 Multiple Feeder Protection
5 Feeder Protection with Bus Voltage
6 Feeder Protection w/o Bus Voltage
Programmable LED Panels
(6) Phase TOC elements
(12) Phase IOC elements
(6) Neutral TOC elements
(12) Neutral IOC elements
(6) Ground TOC elements
(12) Ground IOC elements
(1) Phase Undervoltage element
(6) Underfrequency elements
(6) Autoreclosing elements
FlexLogic with gates and timers
Transducer I/O
Data Logger
Metering
Oscillography
Event Recorder
Demand Recording
DNP, Modbus RTU & UCA Protocols
8 Setting Groups

40. LED
Programmability

41. T60 Transformer Protection
Up to 4 Restraint Inputs
2 & 3 Restraint with Three Phase Voltage Inputs
4 Restraint without Voltage Inputs
Dual Slope Percent Differential Protection (87T)
Harmonic Inhibit Feature
Overexitation Inhibit Feature
Instantaneous Differential Element (50/87)
Overcurrent Protection Per Winding (50/51)
Phase, Neutral & Ground Time Overcurrent
Phase, Neutral & Ground Inst.Overcurrent
Fast or EM Reset Characteristic for TOC Elements
Phase Undervoltage
Phase Overvoltage
Phase & Neutral Directional OC
Volts/Hz
Restricted Ground Fault
RTD and dcmA Inputs Available
Underfrequency (6 elements)
Data Logger
FlexLogic with gates and timers
Programmable LED Panels
Metering per Winding (I, V, W, Var, VA, PF)
Harmonic Metering (up to 25th)
Differential and Restraint Currents
Oscillography & Event Recorder
Demand Recording
DNP, Modbus RTU & UCA Protocols
8 Setting Groups

42. UR Applications Option 1 T60 - Transformer Protection
F60 - Main Feeder Protection
F35 - Backup Feeder Protection

43. UR Applications Option 2 T60 - Transformer Protection
F35 - Main Feeder Protection
F35 - Backup Feeder Protection

44. Tools

45. Free PC Software and Firmware
Windows based
Access all:
Actual Values
Setpoints
Status
Event records
Oscillography
Graphical trending
Setpoint programming
Setpoint files
Download updated firmware to Flash memory
Three things to mention.
Oscillography - Shows wave forms
Graphical Trending – replaces a paper chart recorder (PC attached required)
Event recorder - All trips and alarms can be date stamped and shown.
Explain Firmware to Flash memory.

48. Enervista Launchpad: http://www. geindustrial

51. Demo Relays at L-3

52. ANSI Symbols

53. Conversion of Electro-Mechanical to Electronic sheet

54. PowerPoint presentations at: http://l-3.com/private/levine/

55. GE Multilin Training CD’s

56. Thank You
Questions?