1. U.S. Foreign Policy Goals and the Actions Taken to Meet Them What Actions, Carrots and Sticks does the U.S. use to achieve its foreign policy goals?

2. 1. Map indicating states and territories and their diplomatic relations with the U.S. * Blue represents the United States. * Green represents nations with which the US has diplomatic relations. * Red represents nations with which the US does not have diplomatic relations. * Yellow represents nations that are disputed areas.

3. 2-7. Who Makes Foreign Policy? Click Here to Learn MoreHere

4. 8. US FOREIGN POLICY GOALS CAN BE PLACED IN THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES National Security EconomicIdeologicalHumanitarian

5. 9. Political Actions Used to Meet US National Security Goals Political Actions taken to meet national Security Goals:  Created the Department of Homeland Defense. Train military to combat terrorism.  Warn foreign nations who harbor terrorists that they risk invasion unless they stop supporting terrorism.  Call for negotiations between two warring countries that risk destabilizing an entire region like the Middle East

6. 9. Economic Actions taken to meet National Security Goals: Freeze the bank accounts of terrorist organizations and the those organizations that help fund terrorism. Freeze the bank accounts of terrorist organizations and the those organizations that help fund terrorism. Mount an embargo or trade sanctions/barriers on a country labeled “terrorist friendly. EX. Iran, North Korea, Iraq Mount an embargo or trade sanctions/barriers on a country labeled “terrorist friendly. EX. Iran, North Korea, Iraq Place nations on Most Favored Nation status in order to better trade relations with countries that share U.S. values or might one day i.e. China Place nations on Most Favored Nation status in order to better trade relations with countries that share U.S. values or might one day i.e. China

7. 9. Ideological ways to meet US national security goals: Support those groups or nations with similar values willing to combat the nations labeled terrorist or enemy by declaring that they are friendly nations and/ or providing economic support. Support those groups or nations with similar values willing to combat the nations labeled terrorist or enemy by declaring that they are friendly nations and/ or providing economic support. Recognize and support organizations that support democracy in foreign nations. Recognize and support organizations that support democracy in foreign nations. Declare the legitimacy or illegitimacy of a foreign country’s democracy. Declare the legitimacy or illegitimacy of a foreign country’s democracy.

8. 9. Military Actions Taken to meet the US’ National Security Goals The US builds military bases to protect friendly nations near enemy nations The US builds military bases to protect friendly nations near enemy nations The US blockades the ships of an enemy nation The US blockades the ships of an enemy nation The US enforces a no-fly zone denying the ability for another country to launch aircrafts. The US enforces a no-fly zone denying the ability for another country to launch aircrafts. The US overthrows the government of a hostile nation. The US overthrows the government of a hostile nation.

9. 9. Diplomatic Ways the US Meets its National Security Goals Treaties signed to reduce weapons of mass destruction or chemical weapons such as the START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) signed between Russia and the U.S. Treaties signed to reduce weapons of mass destruction or chemical weapons such as the START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) signed between Russia and the U.S. License/forbid the selling or possession of arms to specific countries. For example, the US and UN placed sanctions on Iraq between 1992 and 2002. License/forbid the selling or possession of arms to specific countries. For example, the US and UN placed sanctions on Iraq between 1992 and 2002. U.S. and United Nations call upon International Atomic Energy Agency of the UN to inspect countries unwilling to follow previously signed treaties. U.S. and United Nations call upon International Atomic Energy Agency of the UN to inspect countries unwilling to follow previously signed treaties. THE US participates in NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) to meet its and its allies national security goals. THE US participates in NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) to meet its and its allies national security goals.

10. Start Treaty (A treaty to end nuclear proliferation between the USSR and the US)- How does this benefit the common good?

11. 10. Member Nations of NATO

12. 11. Ways the US Meets its Economic Foreign Policy Goals Diplomatic Actions THE US participates in the World Trade Organizations and use to participate GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) in order to promote free trade between nations by reducing tariffs and taxes on imported goods. THE US participates in the World Trade Organizations and use to participate GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) in order to promote free trade between nations by reducing tariffs and taxes on imported goods. The US supports developing nations through membership and support of organizations like the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the International Red Cross through the US Agency for International Development. The US supports developing nations through membership and support of organizations like the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the International Red Cross through the US Agency for International Development.

13. Ways the US Meets its Economic Foreign Policy Goals

14. 12. Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy Goals Political Actions: The US can recognize the sovereignty (independence) of a new nation. The US call foreign nations undemocratic or labels nations as being part of an“Axis of Evil”

15. Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy Goals

16. 12. Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy Goals Diplomatic Actions: Use of Peace Corps or foreign aid (US AID) to prove Americans are ‘nice’ and make it clear to nation that it will lose aid if it does not abide. Use of Peace Corps or foreign aid (US AID) to prove Americans are ‘nice’ and make it clear to nation that it will lose aid if it does not abide. Break diplomatic ties by closing an embassy in a nation that no longer supports democracy and free trade such as Iran. Break diplomatic ties by closing an embassy in a nation that no longer supports democracy and free trade such as Iran. Warn US citizens not to visit a nation that does not support human rights laws. Warn US citizens not to visit a nation that does not support human rights laws. Promotes fair elections. Promotes fair elections. Embarrass nation by publicly scolding their actions or using media to broadcast directly to the country’s people about what is taking place. Embarrass nation by publicly scolding their actions or using media to broadcast directly to the country’s people about what is taking place.

17. Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy Goals

18. 12. Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy Goals Military Actions: Use force to change regimes or support opposition leaders to use force Economic Actions: Trade Barriers or embargos towards country who don’t ensure Human Rights. EX. Cuba, Libya Cultural Actions: Begin a student exchange program with students in a friendly country or boycott the Olympics in protest of human rights abuses

19. 13. Ways the US Meets its Humanitarian Goals Political Actions: Support developing nations with organizations such as the Peace Corps and US AID Agency for International Development, World Bank and IMF Support developing nations with organizations such as the Peace Corps and US AID Agency for International Development, World Bank and IMF Provide professional and military training Provide professional and military training Sign on to international treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol Sign on to international treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol Publicly scold a country for not doing more to prevent pollution. Publicly scold a country for not doing more to prevent pollution. Economic Actions: Support by providing access to American markets Support by providing access to American markets Providing financial support through loans and grants. Providing financial support through loans and grants. Place trade barriers on products produced in nations with bad environmental track records. Place trade barriers on products produced in nations with bad environmental track records.

20. 13. Ways the US Meets its Humanitarian Goals Diplomatic Actions: Sign on to international treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol to reduce global warming.\ Sign on to international treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol to reduce global warming.\ Work with the United Nations UNICEF to aid refugees and the poor. Work with the United Nations UNICEF to aid refugees and the poor. Allow political refugees to immigrate to the US Allow political refugees to immigrate to the US Military Actions: Overthrow a government that abuses human rights using military force. Overthrow a government that abuses human rights using military force.

21. 14. Take the following surveys to determine where you stand on foreign policy issues. http://www.americanchoices.org/ http://www.americanchoices.org/ http://www.americanchoices.org/

22. 15. Read about 4 schools of thought regarding how to approach foreign policy and then categorize which school of though three Presidential candidates allign with.

23. 15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought- Isolationists The term isolationist is most often used negatively; few people who share its beliefs use it to describe their own foreign policy perspective. They believe in "America first." For them, national sovereignty trumps international relations. Many unions, libertarians, and anti-globalization protesters share isolationist tenets. The term isolationist is most often used negatively; few people who share its beliefs use it to describe their own foreign policy perspective. They believe in "America first." For them, national sovereignty trumps international relations. Many unions, libertarians, and anti-globalization protesters share isolationist tenets. Isolationists… Isolationists… Are wary of US involvement in the United Nations Are wary of US involvement in the United Nations Oppose international law, alliances, and agreements Oppose international law, alliances, and agreements Believe the US should not act as a global cop Believe the US should not act as a global cop Support trade practices that protect American workers Support trade practices that protect American workers Oppose liberal immigration Oppose liberal immigration Oppose American imperialism Oppose American imperialism Desire to preserve what they see as America's national identity and character Desire to preserve what they see as America's national identity and character Historical isolationist: President Calvin Coolidge Historical isolationist: President Calvin Coolidge Modern isolationist: Author/Commentator Pat Buchanan Modern isolationist: Author/Commentator Pat Buchanan

24. 15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought- Liberal Are wary of American arrogance and hypocrisy Are wary of American arrogance and hypocrisy Trace much of today's anti-American hatred to previous US foreign policies. Trace much of today's anti-American hatred to previous US foreign policies. Believe political solutions are inherently superior to military solutions Believe political solutions are inherently superior to military solutions Believe the US is morally bound to intervene in humanitarian crises Believe the US is morally bound to intervene in humanitarian crises Oppose American imperialism Oppose American imperialism Support international law, alliances, and agreements Support international law, alliances, and agreements Encourage US participation in the UN Encourage US participation in the UN Believe US economic policies must help lift up the world's poor Believe US economic policies must help lift up the world's poor Historical liberal: President Woodrow Wilson Historical liberal: President Woodrow Wilson Modern liberal: President Jimmy Carter Modern liberal: President Jimmy Carter

25. 15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought- Neo-Conservative Want the US to be the world's unchallenged superpower Want the US to be the world's unchallenged superpower Share unwavering support for Israel Share unwavering support for Israel Support American unilateral action Support American unilateral action Support preemptive strikes to remove perceived threats to US security Support preemptive strikes to remove perceived threats to US security Promote the development of an American empire Promote the development of an American empire Equate American power with the potential for world peace Equate American power with the potential for world peace Seek to democratize the Arab world Seek to democratize the Arab world Push regime change in states deemed threats to the US or its allies Push regime change in states deemed threats to the US or its allies Historical neoconservative: President Teddy Roosevelt Historical neoconservative: President Teddy Roosevelt Modern neoconservative: President Ronald Reagan Modern neoconservative: President Ronald Reagan

26. 15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought- Realist Are guided more by practical considerations than ideological vision Are guided more by practical considerations than ideological vision Believe US power is crucial to successful diplomacy - and vice versa Believe US power is crucial to successful diplomacy - and vice versa Don't want US policy options unduly limited by world opinion or ethical considerations Don't want US policy options unduly limited by world opinion or ethical considerations Believe strong alliances are important to US interests Believe strong alliances are important to US interests Weigh the political costs of foreign action Weigh the political costs of foreign action Believe foreign intervention must be dictated by compelling national interest Believe foreign intervention must be dictated by compelling national interest Historical realist: President Dwight D. Eisenhower Historical realist: President Dwight D. Eisenhower Modern realist: Secretary of State Colin Powell Modern realist: Secretary of State Colin Powell

27. 15. Categorize the foreign policy platforms of three Presidential Candidates John McCain- Republican John McCain- Republican John McCain- Republican John McCain- Republican Barak Obama- Democrat Barak Obama- Democrat Barak Obama- Democrat Barak Obama- Democrat Hillary Clinton- Democrat Hillary Clinton- Democrat Hillary Clinton- Democrat Hillary Clinton- Democrat

28. Analyze the following cartoons:

32. The End!