1. NetSol Business Unit Yokogawa Corporation of America Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Yokogawa Green Series Controllers

2. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.2 What is a controller? A device used to set or adjust the conditions in a desired environment. –Must be able to continually sense the conditions in the environment. Thermocouple Flow meter Level transmitter –Must be able to have a desired condition set by a user. Setpoint –Must have the ability to change the conditions in the environment. Turn on an electric heater Open or close a gas or water valve

3. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.3 Simple Temperature Controller

4. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.4 Simple Control System Thermocouple Electric Heating Element Setpoint Control Load

5. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.5 Typical Control Drawing

6. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.6 Inputs and Outputs

7. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.7 Unsurpassed Selection YS170 Dual Loop Programmable Controllers –pH, boiler & other complicated control actions. –Maximum versatility with custom programming. US1000 Digital Loop Controllers –Single loop or dual loop control. –Custom computation and expanded discrete I/O. GREEN series Industrial Controllers –Primarily used in the heat treating industries. –Can be used in many process applications. –Most cost effective for many control applications. –301, 400, 500 or 700 series: –Provide only the functions required.

8. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.8 More Product Selections UT100 Series Temperature Controllers –Focused on plastic and OEM markets –1/16, 1/8 or 1/4 DIN size –High reliability and easy configuration at a very low price JUXTA Signal Conditioners –Large number of functions –Isolators, T/C, RTD, frequency inputs –VJ series allows BRAIN & PC configuration

9. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.9 Industrial/Process Controllers YS170 Series Full Featured Process Control US1000 Series UT100 Series GREEN Series High Performance Industrial Control High Level Process Control Full Featured Temperature Control

10. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.10 Where Do You Find Control Applications? Simple Controller Applications Temperature Level pH Flow Pressure Ratio Heat/Cool Programmable Controller Applications Furnaces (Lab & Industrial) Environmental Chambers Ovens Refrigeration Kilns Just about anywhere you make sales calls!

11. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.11 What about PID Proportional Band –Set as (PB) Proportional Band –Proportional makes the controller output move in proportion to the error between set point and controlled variable. –K (Gain) = measure of the sensitivity of the final control element position change to a given error –K is the inverse of PB (K= 100/PB) –Two items to set: Proportional Band (PB) & Manual Reset (MR) Integral –Integral - automatic reset of final control element –Integral changes output over time –Integral repeats proportional action in integral time. –Integral tuning parameter is time based: the smaller the number the stronger the action. –Integral continues to act until error is zero. Derivitive –Derivative has no effect when error is not changing –Gives anticipatory response - not effective in fast loops, i.e., flow, pressure, pH, etc.... etc...… –Derivative acts on rate of change, performs breaking action

12. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.12 UT 100 Series Dynamic Self Tune Dynamic Self Tuning is initialized when applying power or changing set point. –Parameter CTL must be in SLF mode (Default). –Does not use open loop response like Auto Tuning, uses PV wave form analysis. –Calculates new P, I & D parameters. SP 0% 100% PV Time 100% 0% Output Time Self Tune STARTS SP change or Power ON

13. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.13 Auto Tune The standard GREEN series Auto Tune can be implemented in the Operating menu if the CTL parameter is placed in the PID mode. This bypasses the Self Tuning operation.

14. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.14 Super Control

15. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.15 SUPER 2 Function Hunting occurs during: –Set point changes –Load changes SUPER2 =ON Hunting PID parameters are set at this condition. Temperature Change

16. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.16 UT130 1/16 DIN Controller 3 digit LED display (shared PV & SP) High performance at a very low cost T/C or RTD input only Specify ON/OFF relay or voltage pulse output Dynamic Self tune Auto Tune & Super Control Heat/cool outputs* Two alarms relays* Heater break alarms* RS485 communication* *Option

17. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.17 UT150 1/16 DIN Controller 4 digit LED display of PV & SP (Red and Green) Universal input (T/C, RTD, mV or VDC) Specify relay, voltage pulse or DC current output Heat/cool outputs* Two alarm contacts* Heater break alarms* Retransmission of PV* Two contact inputs for SP selection & timer function* RS485 communication* *Option

18. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.18 UT152 & UT155 Controllers Universal input (T/C, RTD, mV or VDC) Specify relay, voltage pulse or DC current output Heat/cool outputs* Two alarm contacts* Heater break alarms* Retransmission* Contact inputs for SP selection & timer function* RS485 communication* *Option

19. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.19 UP150 1/16 DIN Program Controller 1 Program pattern, 16 segments 4 digit LED display of PV & SP (Red and Green) Universal input (T/C, RTD, mV or VDC) Specify relay, voltage pulse or DC current output Heat/cool outputs* Two Event contacts* Retransmission of PV* External contact input RS485 communication* *Option

20. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.20 Oven Temp Control with SSR Simple control application to control temperature in an oven or electric furnace. Probably the simplest and one of the most common control applications. Points to note –SSR needs a time proportional, voltage pulse output to operate properly. –Cycle time setting can affect control if too large. Applicable control units –All

21. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.21 GREEN Series Standard Features Universal inputs (T/C, RTD, mV or VDC) Universal outputs (Relay, voltage pulse or 4-20mADC current) Retransmission of PV, SP, output OR 15VDC loop power supply Multiple contact inputs and outputs Auto Tune for easy start up Super Control for SP overshoot suppression UL, CSA & CE approvals IP55 front panel assembly (Splash Proof)

22. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.22 UT321/351 Industrial Controllers Large 4 digit 20mm active LED display of PV (UT351) Single loop control Auto/Manual switching 2 contact inputs (SP, A/M) 3 contact outputs (Alarms) Heat/cool output option Optional 24VDC loop power supply RS485 communication option General purpose temperature control Inexpensive alternative for level, flow & pressure control UT351 UT321

23. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.23 UP351 Program Controller 2 patterns, 10 segments each 2 contact inputs (Pattern select, HOLD) 3 contact outputs –1 time event alarm –2 PV event alarms NO local set point capability RS485 comm. option Small furnaces & environmental chambers

24. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.24 Temperature Programs Ramp & Soak Select Program by pressing PRG key RESET key to stop program Time event to start auxiliary heater, fan, etc. Up to 4 PID Sets for tighter control SP PRG2 PRG1 PRG2 PRG1 PRG2 KEYS RESET PV MV Control PRG1 Time Event PID 3 PID 2 PID 1 PID 4 2nd Reference point 1st Reference point Reference Deviation

25. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.25 Active Color PV Display PV Display LED color changes between Green-color and Red-color It can be explained as "the function to actively change a display color according to conditions." Active Color PV Display:

26. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.26 Industrial Ethernet Industrial Ethernet Protocol allows a variety of industrial control devices to be integrated into the same application. Modbus TCP/IP Gateway function

27. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.27 Single Loop Control Universal input 4-20mADC output for gas control Retransmission of PV to a recorder Roasted hot dog??

28. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.28 Furnace Temp Control with SCR Simple control application to control temperature in an oven or electric furnace. One of the simplest and one of the most common control applications. Points to note –SCR needs an analog 4 - 20 mA output from the controller. Applicable control units –All

29. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.29 UT420/450 Controllers Large 5 digit 20mm LED display of PV (UT450) Single loop control strategy Position proportional control option (motorized valve) Heat/cool output option Optional 24VDC loop power supply Optional remote set point Up to 7 contact inputs Up to 4 contact outputs RS485 comm. option

30. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.30 Heat & Cool Control Heat output & cool output can be relay, voltage pulse, or DC current individually. Cool output 0 to 100% above set point Heat output 0 to 100% below set point Deadband around set point is adjustable

31. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.31 Position Proportional Control Uses two relay contacts to increase or decrease valve position Slide wire feedback for reading valve position on the output display Assuming mode can be used with no slide wire DO NOT USE for standard PID control

32. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.32 UT520/550 Industrial Controllers Large 5 digit 20mm LED display (UT550) Remote set point option (Ratio Control) Up to eight pre-defined control strategies –Cascade control –Analog backup for PLCs –Input auto selector Up to 7 contact inputs Up to 7 contact outputs Heat/cool control option Position proportional control option (motorized valve) Optional 24VDC loop power supply

33. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.33 Single Station Cascade Performs cascade loop control within a single controller. Two temperature measurement signals are available. –Universal PV input –Auxiliary analog voltage input Can be used for heat and cool control.

34. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.34 Cascade Control for Jacketed Vessel This application explains how cascade control can be used to control temperature in a vessel. Points to note –This application requires two independent control loops –Loops can be referred to as inner & outer, master & slave, or primary & secondary –There must be a significant difference in the response times for the inner and outer loops for the process to function properly. The larger the better. –The outer loop must be tuned first and then the inner loop. Applicable control units –500 Series and higher or –Any combination of controllers in a Master Slave configuration. (minor differences)

35. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.35 Automatic Analog Back Up Under normal conditions, the tracking input for UT520/550 from the supervisory control system is the control output. When the supervisory control system has failed, UT520/550 begins automatic backup control.

36. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.36 UP550 Program Controller 5 digit 20 mm LED and backlit LCD displays –LCD display can show temperature pattern 30 Patterns, up to 300 Segments Five control strategies Seven contact inputs & outputs –Time events & process events Heat /cool control option Position proportional control option (motorized valve)

37. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.37 Temperature Programs Pattern can be seen in LCD display Pattern number Segment number Time remaining in current segment Can be used with UT controllers as a set point generator for multi-zone furnaces

38. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.38 PV Auto-Selector Selects maximum, minimum or average of 2 PV inputs Temperature sensors can be located at different locations within the furnace One universal input One analog voltage input

39. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.39 PV Switching Switches between two inputs depending on temperature range A contact input or UP550 temperature set point flag switches the inputs One universal input One analog voltage input

40. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.40 UT750 Industrial Controller Large 5 digit 20mm LED with backlit LCD display. Up to 13 types of control functions including dual loop control, cascade control, temperature/humidity and more. Custom Computation function for complex regulatory control and sequential logic. 7 contact inputs & 7 outputs Expandable to 23 each with external modules using RS485 50ms scan time is available for pressure/speed/flow control.

41. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.41 Dual Loop Control Controls two loops in a single instrument. Example: Control two stages of a multi-stage heat exchanger. T/Cs or RTDs can be directly connected to UT750-5X. Both control loops have run/stop functions and set point selection by an external contact input.

42. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.42 PV Auto-Select Switches and controls from one of two measured inputs by using a contact input or input range. Controls either furnace or product temperature according to certain conditions. Two universal inputs allow T/C or RTD inputs

43. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.43 UP750 Program Controller Up to 300 patterns, 3000 segments (99 seg/pattern) Ten resident control strategies –Dual loop control with universal inputs –Single station cascade with universal inputs –Auto-selector & PV Switching Custom computation capability 7 event alarms std (Time & PV) Up to 23 contact inputs (7 Std) –Requires RS485 option & expansion modules Up to 23 contact outputs (7 Std)

44. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.44 UT/UP750 Custom Computation Function Performs special computations that are not included in the standard pre- configured control strategies. Users can customize input/output computations by linking function modules. Math, logic & special function modules Examples: Carbon potential, pressure/temperature compensated flow and other sophisticated applications.

45. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.45 PC Configuration Using the Light Loader With Model LL100 PC-Based Parameters Setting Tool, all parameters of GREEN series controllers can be set on a PC. –Parameter setting function –Write/read parameters to/from controllers –Saves to a disk –Printout (Hard copy documentation) –Tuning function Custom computation in the UT/UP750 requires LL200

46. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.46 LL100 Parameters Setting Tool Use with 300E, 400E, 500E & 700E series Can be used with older UT520, UT/UP550, UT/UP750

47. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.47 LL200 Custom Computation Tool Use for creating special programs for UT/UP750E and UT750-7X

48. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.48 RS485 Communication Option Up to 9600bps Yokogawa PC-Link or Modbus communication protocol are used. Number of units: 31 units/serial port Communication distance: Up to 4000 Ft. Communication interface: RS485

49. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.49 UM331/351 Digital Indicators Large 4 digit 20mm display Front panel configuration Retransmission of PV Three alarms standard Optional 4th alarm Optional 24VDC loop power supply IP55 front panel UL, CSA & CE approvals RS485 comm. option UM351 UM331

50. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.50 UD310/320/350 Manual Setters Large 4 digit 20mm display (UD350) Front panel configuration Setpoint loading via the arrow keys Retransmission of PV standard Two alarms standard IP65 (UD310), IP55 (UD320/350), front panel UL, CSA & CE approvals

51. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.51 GREEN Series Selections Simple applications UT750 UT351/321 Smaller size UT150/130 UT520/550 Complex control applications Most complex applications Dual Loop Custom Computation Multiple contact I/O Select UT420/450 First

52. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.52 JUXTA Signal Conditioners Lightening Arresters Power Distributors J Series Socket Mount Programmable Math using BRAIN terminal F Series (24VDC) W Series (110VAC or 24VDC)

53. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.53 Furnace Control Using Zone PID Zone control is used when multiple setpoint are used in the furnace and the control characteristics of the process changes as temperature changes. Points to note –Reference points must be set to activate switching action –RDV (Reference Deviation) is available if special PID control is necessary if PV deviates from SP by a set amount. Applicable control units –All units except; 100 series, US1000 & YS series

54. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.54 Tank Level Control Controller can be used to control the level in a tank Points to note –Can be controlled in a variety of different methods depending on the control elements. Alarms can be used for control in very simple on/off application Controller can supply 15 or 24 VDC power for the transmitter Applicable control units –All

55. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.55 Air Conditioner Temperature Control Controller can be used to control both the heat and cool control elements of a packaged AC system Points to note –Can be controlled in a variety of different methods depending on the control elements. Alarms can be used for control in very simple on/off solenoid application Heat/cool units a recommended for control elements that are not on/off Applicable control units –All - very simple applications –All heat/cool control units

56. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.56 Heat Exchanger Temperature Control Heat exchanger is a device that transfers heat from one medium to another without the two mediums physically touching. –Liquid to liquid –Steam to liquid –Steam to air Points to note –If there is a pump on the secondary side of the H.E., you may want a DI for the pump to turn off the controller. Applicable control units –All

57. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.57 Heat Exchanger Control & BTU Calculation Allows for control of a heat exchanger as well as track the BTU transferred though the heat exchanger. The BTU (British Thermal Unit) is universally accepted as a unit of heat transfer measurement. The BTU is defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water 1 F. Can be used for billing purposes or maintenance of the heat exchanger Points to note –Feed forward input is necessary for application to work –Custom programming is required Applicable control units –US1000 –YS170

58. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.58 Carbon Potential Control Controlling Carbon Potential Points to note –CP is not a direct measurement but an estimated value based upon some assumptions. The only true way of determining if the CP is effective is a shim stock test. –The Carbon Master does not supply the carbon content to the furnace, It trims the CP by adding small amounts of gas & air to maintain the desired CP. Applicable units –CX, UT750 & UP750

59. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.59 Neutralization Control for Wastewater Used to balance the PH of wastewater Points to note –This method does not use feed forward control, so simpler controllers can be used. –Is tricky to control properly due to changing gain as PH approaches 7. Zone PID must be used. –Use plenty of dead band to keep alkaline and acid from fighting one another Applicable Controllers –US1000, YS170, UT750, UT550

60. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.60 Neutralization control for acid wastewater

61. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.61 Feed Forward Control Used to allow the controller to anticipate upcoming upsets in the process and to react before they affect the process Points to note –Used mostly in flow applications –The FF is added to the output signal directly, after the PID computation is done. This signal may not be appropriate for the process. A FF ratio and bias signal must be set to ensure that the right amount of FF is added to the output. This is not easy. Applicable Controllers –US1000, YS170

62. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.62 Feed Forward Control

63. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.63 Boiler Combustion Control Used to provide steam to a variety of applications Points to note –This application requires many controllers working in tandem to operate a boiler. Boiler Master Fuel Flow Controller Air Flow Controller Drum Level Controller –Requires specialized knowledge to operate, so customer is usually quite familiar with application and configuration. Applicable Controllers –US1000, YS170

64. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.64 Boiler Combustion Control Overview

65. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.65 Boiler Master Pressure Controller Used to control steam header pressure by adjusting the setpoint of the air and fuel controllers Points to note –Feed forward input from header steam flow is used to adjust boiler air & fuel flow setpoint. Predictive action for unexpected steam demand. –Feed forward signal must be linearized for each particular boiler Applicable Controllers –US1000, YS170

66. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.66 Boiler Master Pressure Control

67. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.67 Fuel Flow Control Used to control the fuel flow to the boiler Points to note –Controller looks at both the boiler master signal and the air flow rate, select the lower of the two and this becomes the fuel flow setpoint. This configuration limits the fuel to keep it lagging behind the air. Applicable Controllers –US1000, YS170

68. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.68 Fuel Flow Control with Cross Limit Method

69. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.69 Air Flow Controller Used to control air flow to the boiler Points to note –Controller looks at both the boiler master signal and the fuel flow rates, select the higher of the two and this becomes the air flow setpoint. This configuration limits the fuel to keep it leading the fuel. –A ratio is placed in this controller to achieve the proper mix of air to fuel. The RT parameter can be used or this signal can be linearized Applicable Controllers –US1000, YS170

70. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.70 Air Flow Control with Cross Limit Method

71. Copyright © Yokogawa Corporation of America January 26, 2006 Tier 3: Yokogawa Field Instrumentation Solutions Page.71 Drum Level Control The Drum is the object of combustion. The drum provides steam to the header and associated equipment. The drum level controller ensures there is enough water in the drum to meet the steam demand. Points to note –There are three types of drum level configurations Single Element Control Two Element Control Three Element Control –Applicable Controllers –US1000, YS170