1. HLT51607 – Diploma of Nursing INCP - Grooming

2. Hair Care Includes: Combing, brushing, and washing. The frequency of hair care will depend on the client and their condition.

3. Shaving Can be performed with a safety or electric (battery) razor – depending on clients condition. Shaving equipment must never be shared. Blade razors are contraindicated for someone receiving anti-coagulant medication. Electric shavers are contraindicated for someone receiving oxygen therapy (fire risk).

4. Nail, hand and foot care The primary goals of care are to enhance body image, promote self image and to prevent problems that interfere with function. Problems may include: inflammation trauma and accumulated debris.

5. Normal nail bed

6. Nails Nails are epithelial tissue that grow from the root of the nail bed located in the skin at the nail groove. Examination guidelines for nails: Normal findings: Shape and configuration Dorasa nail surface; slightly convex. Nail thickness’; 0.3-0.65mm Angle at nail base, at the skin nail interface is normally 160degree angle Transparent, smooth

8. THICKENED NAILS Common condition Usually the result of injury to the nail bed, such as dropping something heavy on your toes or fungal infection.

9. FUNGAL INFECTIONS Are among the most troublesome of nail conditions to treat. They are often characterised by thickening, discoloration and separation of the front of the nail from the nail bed. In some cases the nail crumbles. These infections tend to stay in the nail if they are not treated, and can infect the nail bed.

10. Podiatry

11. Foot wear Must be appropriate and promote safety

12. Assessment of hands and feet Inspect all surfaces – pay attention to areas of dryness, inflammation, cracking Colour, temperature, capillary refill of the nail Feet Observe gait – it may indicate pain Footwear- suitable, comfortable, fits well Identify risks Elderly, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, renal disease, CVA Patient’s ability to self-care Visual, fatigue, musculoskeletal

13. Clothes Choice, Comfort Care

14. Eye Glasses, hearing accessories, and cosmetics – also deodorant/ aftershave/ perfume/ talc

15. Mouth Care Care of the teeth/ gums Denture Care

16. Problems associated with the mouth Plaque- a thin layer of mucin & colloid material found in saliva, often invaded by bacteria. Plaque prevents normal acid dilution and neutralization. Tartar– a hard gritty deposit composed of organic matter and phosphates & carbohydrates that collects on the teeth and gums. Gingivitis gums are red, swollen and bleeding. Usually a result of poor dental hygiene and accumulation of bacterial plaque on the teeth. Halitosis– bad breath

17. Problems associated with the mouth Glossitis -inflammation of the tongue. Stomatitis- inflammation of the mouth Periodontitis- receding gum lines, inflammation and gaps between the teeth. Cheilosis- cracking of the lips especially at the angle of the mouth (Riboflavin deficiency) Sordes -debris that consist of food, microorganisms and epithelial cells, that accumulate on the teeth, tongue and lips during a febrile illness or when a person is NPO. Ill-fitting dentures Deviated tongue alignment Cleft palate/ lip

18. Risk factors for oral problems Mouth breathers Patient undergoing chemotherapy, radiation or oral surgery Ageing- mucosa becomes thin and less elastic Diabetes mellitus- more prone to dryness, gingivitis, periodontal disease & loss or teeth. Blood clotting disorders- predisposed to inflammation and bleeding Piercing

19. Risk factors for oral problems Unconscious Behavioral / emotional problems eg. Confused Physical disabilities Fluid restrictions for fasting Nasogastric tubes Continuous oxygen therapy

20. Oral Care and assessment Cleaning teeth, tongue and gums Assessing mouth Pain Assessment Infection Bleeding gums Odours Discharge Dryness of mouth and lips (Xerostoma,) Difficulty of swallowing Condition of teeth Pressure areas

21. Dentures Dentures require proper care to remove soft plaque deposits and calcium deposits and to remove odour. Place dentures into water when out of mouth for long periods as drying out may cause them to warp or break, if appropriate. Some dentures do not need to be left in water.

22. Tooth physiology

23. Tooth problems

24. Regular dental care