1. PE Day 23

2. 2.Read the story of two historical figures who, on horseback, tried to spread the news of the start of the American Revolution in the eighteenth century. One man succeeded; the other did not. Fill in the blank with so, such, or that. Work with a partner and compare your answers.

3. Midnight Riders: Spreading the Message In April 1775, a young boy working at a livery stable 1 in Boston, Massachusetts, overheard a British army officer say, “Tomorrow is the day. Tomorrow we will attack the colonists.” The boy was (1) ____ frightened and excited upon hearing about the imminent battle (2) _____ he immediately ran to report the news to a silversmith 2 named Paul Revere. Revere was (3) _______ a popular and well-known citizen (4) ________ he had already heard from several others the very same news. Revere became (5) ___________ convinced of the truth of these rumors (6) ________ he immediately jumped on his horse and under the cover of darkness began his legendary “midnight ride” to Lexington. In just two hours, he covered 13 miles, shouting “The British are coming!” The sensational news spread (7) ________ quickly (8) ___________ the colonial American army had enough time to organize and meet the British enemy with fierce resistance. That same night, another colonial American revolutionary named William Dawes had heard the same forecast that “the British were coming.” Like Revere, Dawes jumped on his horse and carried the massage in another area near Boston. Unfortunately, though, Dawes’s ride was ineffective. (9) ______ few men from his area showed up the next day to fight (10) _____ most people thought Dawes had ridden through a pro-British community. But he hadn’t. Why was Revere’s ride successful and Dawes’s a failure? Revere was a “connector” and Dawes wasn’t. In fact, Revere was (11) ______ an intensely social “connector” (12) _________ when he died, thousands of Bostonians attended his funeral. Knowing everyone, belonging to every club around, enormously popular, Revere had built (13) _______a wide circle of friends (14) _________ he knew exactly how to spread that piece of critical news as far as possible. Revere’s ride and the word-of-mouth epidemic he started are mentioned in every history textbook about early America. And William Dawes? He was (15) _____ anonymous (16) _______ almost no one remembers his ride from that night. 1 livery stable: a place where people paid to have their horses cared for, or a place where horses could be rented 2 silversmith: someone who maked things out of silver

4. 3.Work with a partner. Student A: Ask Student B questions 1 through 4. Student B: Answer the question using the cue and the information provided in parentheses. Use so that or such that in your answer. You may rephrase the information in your own words. Then switch roles after question 4.

5. Student A 1.How popular were Hush Puppies in the fall of 1995? 2.Did Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring, really educate people about the dangerous chemical called DDT? 3.Is the Internet a powerful tool to make ideas tip? 4.How anonymous was William Dawes in Boston right before the start of the Revolutionary War? Student B 1.(popular shoes) They were __________the famous designer Calvin Klein and Donna Karan asked their models to wear them in their fashion shows. 2.(few) Clearly it did. Before her book came out, ___________ Americans understood DDT ________ no one worried about it. 3.(powerful tool) Absolutely. The Internet is __________ connectors can use it to spread infectious ideas with a single e- mail. 4.(anonymous) William Dawes was ____________________ no one listened to his warnings of the British invasion.

6. Now switch roles

7. Student B 5.How influential was Kelling’s “broken window” theory? 6.Is yawning contagious? 7.Was the first Yale University tetanus shot campaign a success? 8.How strongly does the CEO of Gore Associates feel about the “Rule of 150”? Student A 5.(influential theory) Well, it was ____________________ the mayor based his crime strategy completely on Kelling’s idea. 6.(contagious) Believe it or not, it is _____________________ if you start to yawn, it is likely that the person next to you will yawn, and soon everyone in the room will be yawning. 7.(a failure) Unfortunately, the first one wasn’t. It was ________ only 20 out of 2,000 students got inoculated. 8.(strongly) Obviously he feels ______ about it _________ each Gore-tex factory has only 150 parking spaces. When cars begin to park on the grass, the company builds a new factory. Gore has 15 factories all with in a 12- mile are.

8. C Speaking PRONUNCIATION: Stress Changing Suffixes

9. One syllable in a word has primary stress. The vowel in that syllable is long and loud. When you add certain suffixes to base words, a different syllable may be stressed:

10. Stress usually falls on the part of the word just before these suffixes:

11. FUNCTION: Making a point with metaphors 1.Underline the metaphors, or expressions that imply a comparison between two things. – “There is a small number of exceptional people who play a huge role in the transmission of epidemic ideas.” – “Crime is such a fundamentally contagious thing.”

12. 2.Work in pairs Student A: Read the items in 1 and 2 on the next slide silently. Then put the statements in your own words, using words or expressions that can be used metaphorically from the left column in the chart below. Student B: Listen to Student A’s statement. After each item, restate the information that Student A gave you, using the introductory expressions from the right column in the box below. Switch roles after item 2.

13. WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS THAT CAN BE USED METAPHORICALLY CLARIFYING INTRODUCTORY EXPRESSIONS contagious epidemic float an idea flood go through the roof immune infected make a splash open the floodgates ripple effect trigger turn the tide wave In other words… So, … What you’re saying, then, is… To put it another way…

14. 1.Cleaning up litter and graffiti were small things that caused a big change in New York City’s crime rate. 2.At a fashion show in 1994, two famous designers drew a lot of attention when they wore Hush Puppies shoes. Immediately, sales of the shoes increased. Kids everywhere were suddenly wearing Hush Puppies. Now switch roles 1.Before Sesame Street appeared on television, the creators tested the idea out on a lot of kids. Educational experts strongly opposed the show because they mistrusted television’s ability to be educational. In the end, Sesame Street’s proven success created a lot of interest in children’s educational television. 2.Rachel Carson’s interest in the environment was sparked when she began investigating chemical pesticides. Prior to the 1962 publication of her book Silent Spring, most people felt protected from any harmful environmental dangers. The book was criticized by the chemical industry, which didn’t believe Carson’s accusations against it.