1. Billy Frank Uclan

2.  How did I get here?  Fabians/Labour wartime planning  Colonial drive for ‘co-operation’  Need for training (and staff – European and African)  Effective Colonial Development Policy?  Training in Co-operative methods  Curriculum

3. “I doubt if the importance of co-operative enterprise in the healthy development of colonial areas has been properly comprehended even by those who have been most ardent in checking abuses and working for the general prosperity and social well being of the colonial peoples” Review of International Co-operation (ICA) July 1943

6. East AfricalocationRegistrar Kenya(Nairobi)A G L Leslie Uganda(Entebbe)A J Kerr Tanganyika(Moshi)R S W Malcolm Central Africa Nyasaland(Zomba)H Bingham Northern Rhodesia(Lusaka)J L Boyd Wilson West Africa Nigeria(Ibadan)R H Gretton Gold Coast(Accra)M Hewson Sierra Leone(Njala)A K L Hill Gambia(Bathurst)W L Rickets

7. TerritoryMarketing Socs. Credit Socs. Consumer Socs. Other Socs. Total Reg. Socs. Total Members Paid up share capital N. Rhodesia (£ est.) 1945 6101876318,450 1950 39112627814,758214,352 1951 53142649715,560227,537 Nyasaland 1945 0000000 1950 310372702,4215,881 1951 350404793,0977,715 Kenya 1945 Figures not available 1950 1951 218119 25728,200 Not available Tanganyika 1945 464115245,84627,533 1950 11453512794,68580,083 1951 126525138106,09690,920

8. TerritoryMarketing Socs. Credit Socs. Consumer Socs. Other Socs. Total Reg. Socs. Total Members Paid up share capital Uganda (£ est.) 1945 0000000 1950 257051127324,99324,842 1951 377061840136,62032,149 Gold Coast 1945 123491114411,10045,200 1950 18087331731727,344197,863 1951 204-368934630,189310,810 Nigeria 1945 23899723618635,2637,177 1950 3213893834459765,57745,567 1951 323423363091,09164,29449,470 Sierra Leone 1945 0000000 1950 272511452,3791,135 1951 381461594,2142,243

9.  Wartime committees  Advisory Committee on Cooperatives ◦ Exists in one form or another from 1946 ◦ Digby and Surridge, Marshall et al ◦ Department of Technical Cooperation 1961 (col dev) ◦ CO – CRO become Commonwealth Office 1966  Ministry of Overseas Development 1964  Consultative Panel on Co-operation  Overseas Development Administration

11.  “Since the pattern has been created on British lines and out of British experience we consider that there should be a continuing interest in Britain in Co-operative Development in all the countries of the Commonwealth and the Department of Technical Co-operation should coordinate all possible types of assistance from Britain.”  Role of ‘advice’, ‘assistance’, ‘aid’ – funded through the various Regional Programmes

12.  A Manual of Cooperative Law and Practice [by] B. J. Surridge and Margaret Digby Prepared Under the Auspices of the Horace Plunkett Foundation for Cooperative Studies  1948, 1958, 1967, 1978

14.  By mid-1960s government looking to (perhaps) ‘freshen up’ advisory committees generally (Castle)  ‘expert generation’