1. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W71 Water in Emergencies Session 7 Medium Term Water Responses

2. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W72 Medium Term Responses When immediate needs are met develop medium term responses More participation / user engagement Improve water quality – bulk or household treatment Easier to sustain for medium term Reduce recurrent costs

3. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W73 Spring Water – by Gravity or Pumping Spring being used to supply a refugee camp in Uvira, Zaire S House / WEDC Rehabilitate / protect Extend pipelines Protect new Agree with existing users Check with landowner

4. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W74 Rehabilitating, Improving or Constructing New Shallow Wells Ethiopia S House / WEDC Uganda S House / MSF- OCBA Liberia S House / ACF

5. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W75 Boreholes – Medium Depth or Deep Groundwater Ethiopia S House / WEDC Mechanical Pumping Schemes: Expensive O&M Permission for drilling Potential impacts

6. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W76 Improving Bulk Water Treatment – Coagulation & Flocculation REDR / OXFAM O&M requirements

7. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W77 Using Private Sources or Services Small water sellers – take water from both private and community managed water tanks in Mandera, Northern Kenya Private traditional shallow well, Ethiopia S House AAH-US S House / WEDC

8. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W78 Exercise – Compare Advantages & Disadvantages for Emergency Contexts 1.Bottled water 2.Water from open stream supplied by tanker 3.Water pumped directly from a lake to tanks which directly feed tapstands 4.Existing shallow wells disinfected with chlorine 5.New shallow borehole and handpump 6.Spring supply fed by gravity pipeline