1. ICAO–AENA Seminar on Airport Management: Security and Quality Antigua, Guatemala, October 2002
ICAO AVSEC Programme Michiel Vreedenburgh ICAO Regional Officer Aerodromes & Ground Aids North American, Central American and Caribbean Regional Office - Mexico

2. 2001 Security Statistics 21 acts of unlawful interference
7 unlawful seizures
2 attempted seizures
4 facility attacks
4 attempted facility attacks
2 in-flight attacks
1 attempted in-flight attack
1 attempted sabotage
301 passenger & 44 crew fatalities

3. Launch Pads to Security
New
Dimensions
Continuous strengthening
1970
Assembly
Hijackings
Annex 17
2002
Conference
2001
Assembly
On September 11, 2001, aircraft were used as weapons of destruction, instigating a whole new dimension of threat
The ICAO Assembly met just two weeks later and adopted Resolution A33-1, Declaration on misuse of civil aircraft as weapons of destruction and other terrorist acts involving civil aviation
This Resolution calls on States to strengthen preventive measures,achieve full implementation of ICAO SARPs and the multilateral conventions on AVSEC, enhance cooperation, and ensure severe punishment for infringement
The Resolution also called on ICAO to convene an AVSEC Conference at an early date and this High Level, Ministerial Conference on Aviation Security met in Montreal on 19 and 20 February 2002 to endorse a global strategy for strengthening AVSEC worldwide
Aircraft as
Weapons of
Destruction

4. AVSEC Section Mission Mission statement:
To develop aviation security principles, communicate and promote such principles worldwide and assist ICAO Contracting States in implementing them.

5. AVSEC Technical Programme
Annex 17 adopted in 1974 (1st Edition)
Recent edition: 7th Ed
April 2002
(10 amendments)

6. AVSEC Technical Programme
ICAO Security Manual (Doc 8973/5)
Published 1971, revised 1983, 1987, 1992 and 1996
New update being finalised

7. ICAO AVSEC Programme Implementation
Regional AVSEC Seminars (since 1973)
Technical Assistance Projects (since 1977)
Regional AVSEC Coordinators
Mechanism for Financial, Technical and Material Assistance to States (since 1989)
Short-Term Expert Programme

8. Aviation Security Activities
139 Mechanism States
120 States visited - Technical Reports
35 States received follow-up missions
Average of 50 training events per year
More than 210 training events since inception in 1989
More than 4,200 participants in total
10 Aviation Security Training Centres (ASTCs)
Brussels/Moscow/Kiev/Casablanca/Dakar/ Nairobi/Amman/Penang/Port of Spain/Quito
To date, assessment of States’ security posture, upon request, has been carried out under the Aviation Security Mechanism. One hundred and twenty States have been visited for comprehensive technical evaluations based on Annex 17 and 35 States have received follow-up missions. Furthermore, over 210 training events have been organized in all regions for more than 4,200 participants. There is no doubt that direct aviation security assistance provided to States under this programme was global and considered to be useful by all parties involved.

9. Sabotage of aircraft and airport facilities

10. Hijacking of Aircraft

11. Armed attacks on airports Attacks against air carrier premises
&
Attacks against air carrier premises

12. ICAO Countermeasures Philosophy
Civil Aviation shall operate from a safe and secure environment free from unlawful interference

13. ICAO Countermeasures Philosophy
States shall develop and implement such legislation and procedures as are necessary to ensure that there is a safe and secure environment

14. ICAO Countermeasures Philosophy
The security standards put in place shall be consistent with Standards and Recommended Practices as promulgated by ICAO

15. ICAO Countermeasures Philosophy
These standards shall be adequate to meet the threat

16. COMMON PROBLEMS
Lack of national AVSEC programmes

17. COMMON PROBLEMS Lack of national legislation
Lack of national AVSEC programmes
Lack of national legislation

18. COMMON PROBLEMS Lack of national legislation
Lack of national AVSEC programmes
Lack of national legislation
Lack of training programmes

19. COMMON PROBLEMS Lack of national legislation
Lack of national AVSEC programmes
Lack of national legislation
Lack of training programmes
Division of responsibility

20. COMMON PROBLEMS Lack of national legislation
Lack of national AVSEC programmes
Lack of national legislation
Lack of training programmes
Division of responsibility
Lack of coordination

21. COMMON PROBLEMS Lack of national legislation
Lack of national AVSEC programmes
Lack of national legislation
Lack of training programmes
Division of responsibility
Lack of coordination
Lack of contingency planning

22. COMMON PROBLEMS Lack of national legislation
Lack of national AVSEC programmes
Lack of national legislation
Lack of training programmes
Division of responsibility
Lack of coordination
Lack of contingency planning
Inadequate implementation of SARPs

23. Actions by ICAO since Events of 11 September 2001
Revision of Annex 17 was given greater urgency by the events of September 11.

24. ICAO Assembly
33rd ICAO General Assembly held in Montreal from 25 September to
5 October 2001
Passed Assembly Resolutions 33/1 and 33/2
33/1 Declaration on misuse of civil aircraft as weapons of destruction and other terrorist acts involving civil aviation
33/2 Consolidated statement of continuing policies related to the safeguarding of international civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference

25. ICAO Assembly (cont’d)
The Assembly (and AVSECP/12) considered new security measures including:
locking of cockpit doors
application of Annex 17 to domestic flights
background checks and security controls on staff
The AVSEC Panel also met in emergency session during the Assembly
These new measures are included in Amendment 10 to Annex 17

26. ICAO Assembly (cont’d)
Further comprehensive review of Annex 17 to facilitate audit programme
Review of AVSEC legal instruments
Security Audit Programme
Convening of High-level, Ministerial Conference on Aviation Security

27. Amendment 10 to Annex 17
Review of Annex 17 conducted by the ICAO Aviation Security Panel (AVSECP)
7th Edition of Annex 17 incorporating Amendment 10 was published in April 2002 and became applicable on 1 July 2002
During the next 30 minutes, we will review the recent changes with regard to Aviation Security,
The review of Annex 17 was conducted by the ICAO Aviation Security Panel during the tenth and eleventh meetings held in Montreal from 11 to 14 April 2000 and from 2 to 6 April 2001 respectively

28. Amendment 10 New definitions: aircraft security check background check
human factors and human performance
security restricted area
unidentified baggage
aircraft security check (S )
background check (S , 4.7.2)
human factors and human performance (RP 2.4.2, S )
security restricted area (S )
unidentified baggage (RP )

29. Amendment 10 Seventeen new Standards Eight new Recommended Practices
Seven Recommended Practices upgraded to Standards
It is interesting to note that, prior to 11 September 2001, the AVSEC Panels Ten and Eleven recommended:
Six new Standards
Seven new Recommended Practices
Three Recommended Practices upgraded to Standards

30. Amendment 10 application of Annex 17 measures to domestic flights
Requirement for the application of Annex 17 measures to domestic flights to the extent practicable (S 2.1.3)

31. Amendment 10 national quality control
Requirement for National, Airport and Airline security programmes to be WRITTEN and IMPLEMENTED (S 3.1.1,
S and 3.3.1)
Requirement for national quality control programme to be implemented by State (S 3.4.4)
Requirement for National AVSEC Committee - implying the need for greater coordination (S 3.1.6)
Requirement for Contingency plans to be exercised on a regular basis - as with Annex 14 for emergency plans (S 3.2.4)
Requirement for background checks, selection procedures, training and certification of security staff
(S upgraded from existing RP, S and S 3.4.3)
Recommendation that States accept the ICAO model operators security programme as internationally acceptable (RP 3.3.2)

32. Amendment 10 International cooperation
Requirement for sharing of threat information and the treatment of such information (S and S 2.3.5)

33. Amendment 10 measures relating to security of aircraft
Requirement for the checking of aircraft to ensure that disembarking passengers do not leave items on board at transit stops (S 4.2.2)
Requirement that adequate measures are taken to prevent unauthorized access to the cockpit (S 4.2.3)

34. Amendment 10 measures relating to passengers and their cabin baggage
Requirement for the screening of passengers and their hand baggage (S 4.3.1)
(Always implied before but never actually directly stated.)

35. Amendment 10 measures relating to checked baggage
Requirement for additional security controls for hold baggage
(S and S 4.4.2)
Requirement for screening of all originating checked baggage from 1 January 2006 (S 4.4.8)
Requirement that transfer bags be subjected to appropriate security controls (S 4.4.6) and authorized for carriage (S 4.4.7)

36. Amendment 10 measures relating to access control
Requirement for establishment of security restricted areas with procedures and ID systems for access (S 4.7.1) and for background checks and appropriate security controls for those entering (S 4.7.2, RP 4.7.4, RP and RP 4.7.6)

37. Amendment 10 management of response to acts of unlawful interference
Upgrading requirement for pilot in command to be notified of armed persons on board (S 4.6.4)
Upgrading requirement for operators to have measures for dealing with deportees (S 4.6.5)
recommendation that States should provide information during an act of unlawful interference to assist in its resolution (RP 5.2.7)

38. Amendment 10 code-sharing / collaborative arrangements
Recommendation on collaborative arrangements requiring the notification of such to the appropriate authority
(RP 3.3.3)

39. Amendment 10 human factors principles
Recommendation “Each Contracting State should ensure that the development of new security equipment takes into consideration Human Factors principles”.
Standard (formerly ) has been strengthened to require training programmes to include training of AVSEC personnel in human performance.
References made to the Human Factors Digest - Human Factors in Civil Aviation Security Operations, and to Part 1 Chapter 4 of the Human Factors Training Manual (Doc 9683)
New section on Quality Control: S performance standards, S certification of security personnel, RP States should look at the overall system performance of AVSEC systems
HF Implied in RPs and with regard to promotion of research and development of security equipment.

40. Amendment 27 to Annex 6 Part I
Chapter 13 Security – applicable 28 Nov. 2002
Strengthened flight crew compartment door (Recommendation – Standard 1 Nov. 2003)
Locking of door during flight
Monitoring of area outside door
Communications with flight crew
Aircraft search inspection
Security training programme
Applicable to domestic operations
aircraft security check (S )
background check (S , 4.7.2)
human factors and human performance (RP 2.4.2, S )
security restricted area (S )
unidentified baggage (RP )

41. High-level, Ministerial Conference
Montreal, 19 to 20 February 2002
Endorsed ICAO Aviation Security Plan of Action, including regular, mandatory, systematic and harmonized audits of aviation security

42. AVSEC Audit Programme Programme based on existing methodologies
Aims to promote compliance with Annex 17
Aims to assist States to introduce good national quality control programmes

43. 13th Meeting of AVSEC Panel April 2002
Security Strategic Objective No. 9
“To develop a detailed programme for the implementation of an ICAO Universal Security Audit”
WP 13 proposed that “The efficiency and effectiveness of civil aviation security to counter terrorist threats is critically dependent on the people in the system. Bearing this in mind, Human Factors knowledge should be applied to maximize performance of the system”
five priority areas were identified, with recommendations that appropriate training and guidance material be developed.

44. Further amendments to Annex 17
AVSECP/14 in September 2002
AVSECP/15 in March 2003
Revision to make SARPs more “auditable”
AVSECP/13 will consider further changes to inputs from working groups on new and emerging threats to civil aviation, categorization of Standards into “critical”, “non-critical”, “administrative” and “organizational” with regard to the conduct of audits, and consider further guidelines for the conduct of the audit programme.
AVSEC P/14 will focus on revision of Annex 17 to make SARPs more “auditable”.

45. ICAO Security Manual Revision in progress
Sixth Edition to be finalised in 2002
Updated with regard to new SARPs
Inclusion of more “job aids”
Currently being revised by AVSEC Section in coordination with an AVSEC Panel Working Group
Doc 8973/6 target date for draft is September 2002, in time for AVSECP/14, draft to be for approval later this year.

46. Where to from here?

47. Preventive Measures - Key Concepts
Future ICAO AVSEC Developments
Aviation Security Plan of Action
Universal Security Audit Programme
Aviation Security Regional Units
GREPECAS AVSEC Committee

48. AVSEC Plan of Action AVSEC audit programme New and emerging threats
Identification, analysis, assessment, risk management methodology and development of response
Strengthened AVSEC SARPs
Annex 17
Security Manual
Annexes 1, 6, 8, 11, 14 & 18

49. AVSEC Plan of Action
Review of legal instruments and air navigation procedures
Expedited work on machine readable travel documents and biometrics
ASTPs & ASTCs
Seminars, exercises & workshops
AVSEC Mechanism
Technical Cooperation Projects

50. AVSEC Audit Programme Civil aviation security programmes
Airport security arrangements
References – ICAO USOAP, ECAC and US AVSEC audit programmes
Baseline – Annex 17 Standards

51. AVSEC Audit Programme Programme documentation
Security Audit Reference Manual (SARM) based on Annex 17 Standards
Memorandum of Understanding
Pre-audit questionnaire
Auditor training programme based on SARM and Security Manual – basic/conversion
Auditor certification documentation

52. AVSEC Audit Programme Audit Methodology Transparency and harmonization
secondment of experts from States
training & certification of auditors
Confidentiality of reports
Selection of States – regional balance, known concerns, State requests
Selection of 1 – 3 (2%) International Sample Airports – pax, flights, ops types

53. AVSEC Audit Programme Programme Implementation
Aviation Security Audit Unit
Phase 1 began in Sept with 1 course and 1 State audit in each region
Audits to commence in Nov. 2002
3 year audit cycle/63 audits per year
5 year audit cycle/38 audits per year
7 – 10 professional staff
Special Service Agreements (SSAs) & long-term secondments from States

54. AVSEC Audit Programme Audit follow-up assistance activities
Technical Cooperation
AVSEC Mechanism

55. AVSEC Regional Units
ICAO Council recently approved the creation of ICAO Regional AVSEC Officer positions in ICAO Regional Offices

56. GREPECAS AVSEC Committee
1st Meeting – Lima, Peru – August 2002
Draft Conclusions & Decisions
AVSEC/COMM Composition
AVSEC/COMM Terms of Reference
AVSEC/COMM Coordination with LACAC
ICAO Regional AVSEC Officers
AVSEC Survey Questionnaire
AVSEC/COMM/2 Meeting

57. Final Thoughts Is priority Number 1 Has synergy with safety
Must not significantly impede the flow of passengers, freight, mail or aircraft
Must be at a cost which does not drive the consumer away or place an undue burden on civil aviation

58. Thank You 1 1 1 1