1. RFID in Library Jihee Beak Hohyon Ryu

2. Definition Radio Frequency Identification Technology that uses wireless radio comm unications for unique identification of peopl e or assets (Singh & Midha, 2008) An RFID tag is a small, low-cost device that can hold a limited amount of data and report that data when queried over radio by a reader. (Molnar et al., 2004) There are no strict definitions (Robertson et al., 2003)

3. How it looks

4. Introduction ActivePassive Require a battery Long Range More Expensive Rely entirely on the reader for energy Short Range Cheaper Higher Durability DC power consumption determines: 1.Size of data storage 2.Speed of information transfer 3.Tx/Rx range 4.Cost 5.Size

5. Typical RFID System (Lee, 2004)

6. Applications for RFID Tagging Keyless entry and smart tickets Document identification and smart stamps Animal identification Automatic tolling Offender tagging

7. Library RFID Applications Collection Management –Improvement of inventory control –Remote resource locator –Efficient for both users and librarians Easy to checkout and return (Self-checkout machine) Easy to sort Easy to find lost or hidden books

8. Components of RFID in Library Tags (Kern, 2004) –Chip –Antenna on a foil –Cover paper or plastic label –Silicon liner

9. Readers (Boss, 2003) –Conversion station –Staff workstation at circulation –Patron self check-out station –Exit sensors –Patron self check-in station –Book drop reader –Sorter –Portable reader Components of RFID in Library

10. Circulation process by RFID Security Gates Inventory Control System Technical Services workstation Sorting station

11. Penetration –Molnar(2004) reported that over 130 libraries were usi ng RFID in North America alone. San Francisco Public library Seattle Public library Gold Coast City Council Library Cerritos Library Denver Public library Lied Library, University of Nevada Las Vegas Salt Lake City Public library ALA's Library & Information Technology Association (LITA) –RFID Technology Interest Group RFID in U.S. Libraries

12. Security Gate Desktop Reader / Writer Self-Checkout RFID in Korean National Library

13. Self-Return Book Drop Checkout machine for reserved books Smart Shelves RFID in Korean National Library

14. Printer for ID card for c heckout Machine for collection inventory The book which has a RFID chip RFID in Korean National Library

15. Advantages of using RFID in libraries Speedy circulation operations High-speed inventory control Promoting value-added user services Protecting from stealing or lost books Reducing the time to reshelf Longer life than bar codes

16. Issues for using RFID in library High cost and budgeting for RFID Limitation of materials –Physical substance, odd shapes, metal components like CDs Removal of exposed tags Exit sensor problems Issue about RFID’s standard

17. Price of RFID chip (Lee, 2004)

18. Budgeting for RFID (Boss, 2003) 40,000 tags x $.55$22,000 1 programmer/converter r ental (3 weeks) 750 2 staff stations x $2,5005,000 2 exit sensors x $4,0008,000 1 wireless portable scanner 4,500 222 hours of labor x $8.001,775 Carpentry and electrical975 Installation and training3,000 250,000 tags x $.50$137,500 5 programmer/converter rentals (2 months) 10,000 8 staff stations x $2,50020,000 2 patron self-charging unit40,000 3 book drop units9,000 4 exit readers x $4,00016,000 5 wireless portable scanners x $4,500 22,500 1375 hours of labor x $8.00 11,000 Carpentry and electrical5,000 Installation and training6,000 The labor cost assumes a conversion rate of thre e tags per minute.

19. Issue about RFID’s standard Retail enviro nment Inexpensive, Less durable Payment sys tems More durabl e, More secure Library envir onment Inexpensive, Durable

20. Security Issues (1) Clandestine tracking and inventorying (Juels, 2005) RFID tag broadcasts a fixed serial number to nearby readers RFID privacy legislation –California 2004: considered and rejected 2006: Passed –Federal Real ID Act Development of RF-ID driver’s license Overlooked privacy issues

21. Security Issues (2) (Juels, 2005)

22. Security Issues (3 ) Range –UHF: more than 10 meters –HF: a couple of meters –Liquids hamper the scanning (Human Body) –In some RFID even kilometers away.

23. Security Issues (4) Authentication –Basic RFID tags are vulnerable to simple counterfeiting attacks. –Jonathan Westhues, an undergraduate student, describes how he constructed what is effectively an RF tape-recorder. This device can read commercial proximity cards – even through walls – and simulate their signals to compromise building entry systems.

24. Security Problem Solutions Unique numbering of objects Consistent and centralized data collection for detection of duplicates the American Express ExpressPay TM and the Mastercard PayPass TM –Cryptographic operations –Side-channel attacks –Authentication of distance

25. Discussion While RF-ID library card holders can have enormous amount of convenience, they can be revealed to privacy venerability. Do you think this privacy issues can be serious problems to keep RF-ID system from being adopted? Do you think RF-ID is far better than bar-code and magnetic circulation system? Is it worth to move on? As a future or current librarian, how do you feel about adopting cutting-edge technologies?

26. References Singh, G. & Midha, M. (2008). RFID: A new technology in library managament systems. Journal of Interlibrary Loan 18(4), 439-447 Molnar, D. & Wagner, D. (2004). Privacy and Security in Library RFID Issues, Practices, and Architectures. Robertson, I. D. & Jalaly, I. (2003). RFID Tagging Explained, Communications Engineer. Juels, A. (2005). RFID Security and Privacy: A Research Survey. Kern. C. (2004). Radio-frequency-identification for security an d media circulation in libraries. The Electronic Library 22(4) 31 7-324 Ohkubo. M, Suzuki, K. & Kinoshita, S. (2005). RFID privacy is sues and technical challenges. Communications of the ACM 4 8(9) 66-71

27. Boss, R. W. RFID TECHNOLOGY FOR LIBRARIES. from Pu blic Library Association. http://www.ala.org/ala/shadows/pla/pl apubs/technotes/rfidtechnology.cfm Coyle, K. (2005). Management of RFID in Libraries. The Jour nal of Academic Librarianship 31(5) 486-489 Ayre, L. B. (2004) Position Paper: RFID and Libraries from htt p://galecia.com/included/docs/position_rfid_permission.pdf Lee, E. G. (2004). RFID dissemination forecast and issues: Environment analysis, price forecast, political considerations. The Journal of Korean Information Communication Policy 16(13) References