1. Supreme Court Cases You Need to Know
GPS Standards:
SSCG16 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the operation of the federal judiciary.
Explain the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, federal courts, and the state courts.
Examine how John Marshall established the Supreme Court as an independent, coequal branch of government through his opinions in Marbury v. Madison (judicial review).
Describe how the Supreme Court decides cases.
Compare the philosophies of judicial activism and judicial restraint.

2. Cases
Marbury vs. Madison – Judicial Review (all federal and state courts)
Gibbons vs. Ogden – National Government takes precedence over state laws

3. Cases
Dred Scott vs. Sanford – Living in a free state doesn’t make a slave free
Ex Parte Milligan – President has the power to suspend habeas corpus during wartime (jailing people without telling them why)
Plessy vs. Ferguson – separate but
equal was ok

4. Cases
Schenck vs. United States – government can pass sedition laws during wartime. Clear and Present danger for limiting speech
Brown vs. Board of Education – Overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson

5. Cases
Mapp vs. Ohio – exclusionary rule – evidence gained in an illegal search cannot be used at trial
Baker vs. Carr – Established one man, one vote rule
Engel vs. Vitale – prohibited prayer in public schools

6. Cases
Escobedo vs. Illinois – confession not admissible if defendant asks for an attorney and is denied one.
Miranda vs. Arizona – establishes the rights of the accused

7. Cases Roe vs. Wade – made abortions legal in the first trimester
Gideon vs. Wainwright – defendant must be given a public defender if defendant can’t afford an attorney

8. Cases
New Jersey vs. T.L.O. – set up the “reasonable suspicion” clause for schools vs. the “probable cause” for the normal workplace
Regents of University of California vs. Bakke – case involving reverse discrimination
Katz vs. United States – Police must obtain search warrant for wiretapping or electronic surveillance devices

9. Judicial review protects and extends constitutional rights.
Essential Question?????
Judicial review protects and extends constitutional rights.
How have court decisions defined the Constitution and the civil liberties of American citizens? (CG16b, d)

10. Links