2. Chapter 5 Section 1

3. I. The land and the People of Rome A. Italy is a peninsula B. Key Features: Apennine Mountains, Po River, Plain of Latium (Rome) 1. Plains and rivers make for excellent farming A. Italy is a peninsula B. Key Features: Apennine Mountains, Po River, Plain of Latium (Rome) 1. Plains and rivers make for excellent farming

4. C. Rome is located inland on the Tiber River 1. Could be defended from hills, safe from pirates, located on a trade route C. Rome is located inland on the Tiber River 1. Could be defended from hills, safe from pirates, located on a trade route

5. D. A group called the Latins moved in to the Latium region of Italy around 1500 BC E. Greeks and Etruscans moved into Italy around 800 BC 1. Greeks gave Rome their alphabet and architecture 2. Etruscans made Rome a major city and invented the toga D. A group called the Latins moved in to the Latium region of Italy around 1500 BC E. Greeks and Etruscans moved into Italy around 800 BC 1. Greeks gave Rome their alphabet and architecture 2. Etruscans made Rome a major city and invented the toga

6. II. The Roman Republic A. Early Rome was ruled by Etruscan kings 1. Later they were overthrown and a republic was set up 2. Republic- the leader is elected and citizens can vote A. Early Rome was ruled by Etruscan kings 1. Later they were overthrown and a republic was set up 2. Republic- the leader is elected and citizens can vote

7. B. Rome was constantly at war and defeated its neighbors C. Rome Confederation- group of territories ruled by Rome, with Roman citizenship 1. Gave soldiers to Rome 2. Allowed Roman army to become powerful B. Rome was constantly at war and defeated its neighbors C. Rome Confederation- group of territories ruled by Rome, with Roman citizenship 1. Gave soldiers to Rome 2. Allowed Roman army to become powerful

8. III. The Roman State A. Romans didnt trust kings because of the Etruscans B. All Rome was divided into 2 groups: Plebians and Patricians 1. Plebians- smaller landowning farmers, crafts-people, merchants 2. Patricians- large landowners, Romes ruling class 3. Both were citizens and could vote, only patricians could hold political office A. Romans didnt trust kings because of the Etruscans B. All Rome was divided into 2 groups: Plebians and Patricians 1. Plebians- smaller landowning farmers, crafts-people, merchants 2. Patricians- large landowners, Romes ruling class 3. Both were citizens and could vote, only patricians could hold political office

9. C. The executive branch of Rome had the consuls and the praetors 1. 2 consuls ran the government and led the army into battle 2. The praetor applied the law to citizens C. The executive branch of Rome had the consuls and the praetors 1. 2 consuls ran the government and led the army into battle 2. The praetor applied the law to citizens

10. D. The Roman senate had 300 patricians who served for life and advised the consuls and praetor E. The Centuriate assembly was the most important, it elected consuls and praetors, and passed laws F. The council of plebs had a small amount of power in making laws D. The Roman senate had 300 patricians who served for life and advised the consuls and praetor E. The Centuriate assembly was the most important, it elected consuls and praetors, and passed laws F. The council of plebs had a small amount of power in making laws

11. G. The Twelve Tables was the Roman system of law which applied to all citizens H. The Law of Nations was a court system to deal with citizens and non-citizens G. The Twelve Tables was the Roman system of law which applied to all citizens H. The Law of Nations was a court system to deal with citizens and non-citizens