1. Management of Lake Fertő University of Debrecen Centre for Environmental Management and Policy 7. Lakepromo Meeting & Seminar April 11-13, 2007 - Aalborg, Denmark Contributors Dr. Zoltan Karacsonyi Andras Magyarics Miklos Pannonhalmi Laszlo Sutheo Dr. Istvan Markus Dr. Laszlo Stundl Dr. Laszlo Karpati Dr. Kurt Kirchberger Jozsef Janak Dr. Balazs Somogyi Dr. Arpad Berczik Dr. Maria Dinka Dr. Szabolcs Gimesi Andras Vissi Judit Karacsonyi Andras Ibranyi Tunde Szabo Gabor Reischl Ernst Praunseis Laszlo Hargitai

2. HUNGARIAN WORKSHOP Management of Lake Fertő University of Debrecen Centre for Environmental Management and Policy 1.General characteristics 2.Hydrology and water management 3.Fish population and fishery 4.Nature protection and reed management 5.Agriculture of Lake Fertő area 6.Lake Fertő: World Heritage and tourism 7.Austrian-Hungarian Cross-border Co-operation 8.Regional development and lake management

3. Location of Lake Fertő Lake Fertő is situated in North-west of Hungary at the Hungarian-Austrian border It has been part of the „iron-curtain” belt – limited accessibility Zero development until 1989 – disadvantage, advantage University of Debrecen Centre for Environmental Management and Policy 1. General characteristics

4. General characteristics - the lake is 20 000 years old steppe lake (western steppe lake of Eurasia) - largest salt lake of Europe - shallow lake: average depth is under 1 m, deepest point is 180 cm - high water level fluctuation, last date of drying out was between 1865-1871 - main characteristic of the lake is reed covered areas and marshes University of Debrecen Centre for Environmental Management and Policy

5. General characteristics Changes in reed covered areas: 187219011957 19671987 1999 University of Debrecen Centre for Environmental Management and Policy

6. General characteristics - Catchment area: 1120 km 2 - Water surface of the Hungarian part is 75 km 2 - Water surface of the Austrian part is 240 km 2 - almost all of the Hungarian part is covered with reed (180 km 2 : 117 Austria, 63 Hungary) -23-24 permanent fish species: catfish, pike, carp, pikeperch Catchment area (km 2 ) Lake area (km 2 ) Length (km) Average width (km) Depth (m) Cubic capacity (million m 3 ) Length of shoreline (km) Reed (km 2 ) Lake Fertő (Hungarian part)1120 (175)315 (75)36 (7)8,2 (10)1 (0,8)39 (26)92 (25)180 (63) University of Debrecen Centre for Environmental Management and Policy

7. General characteristics Climate in the area: - 3 different effects: Mediterranean effect from the south oceanic climate from the west continental climate from the east - maximum of precipitation: July minimum of precipitation: February - average precipitation is 650 mm, but hardly 400 mm in dry years - water temperature is fluctuating: 25-30 o C - the lake is featured by high pH values (8<) - Significant quantity of magnesium, sodium, chloride and sulphate - Significant organic contents of natural origin (reed) - Relatively poor in nutrients available for plants (excluding phosphorous) University of Debrecen Centre for Environmental Management and Policy