1. FINISHING AND POLISHING
dr shabeel p n
FINISHING AND POLISHING

2. The surface of the casting that is retrieved from investment is too rough for use in the mouth.Five preparatory procedures need to be performed on any type of cemented restoration after it has been fabricated

3. PROCEDURES Preliminary finishing Try-in & adjustment
Pre-cementation polishing
Cementation polishing
Post-cementation finishing

4. The internal and external aspects of restoration are handled differently.
External surface smooth &perfect uninterrupted transition from restoration to tooth
Rough surface plaque accumulation-injurious to health of periodontal tissue
Try in satin finish after chairside adjustment high luster
Finishing&polishing- accomplished with fixed routine-coarse and fine

5. ABRASIVES AND POLISHING MATERIALS
ABRASIVES:exceptionally hard material that develop sharp cutting edges when they are chipped.
POLISHING MATERIALS:abrasives of softer material that are reduced to extremely fine particle size.

6. COMMONLY USED ABRASIVES AND POLISHING MATERIALS
DIAMOND
SILICON CARBIDE
EMERY
ALUMINIUM OXIDE
GARNET
SAND
CUTTLE
TRIPOLI
ROUGE
TIN OXIDE

7. COMMONLY USED FORMS SEPARATING DISCS MOORE’S DISC HEATLESS STONES
BUSCH SILENT STONES
GREEN STONES
PINK STONES
WHITE STONES
RUBBER WHEEL AND POINTS

8. ZONES OF FINISHING AND POLISHING
ZONE 1:INTERNAL MARGIN
ZONE 2:INTERNAL SURFACE
ZONE 3:SPRUE
ZONE 4:PROXIMAL CONTACT
ZONE 5:OCCLUSAL SURFACE
ZONE 6:AXIAL WALL
ZONE 7:EXTERNAL MARGIN

9. PRELIMINARY FINISHING OF GOLD RESTORATION

10. PROCEDURES…

11. Inspect under surface of cast under magnification for small nodules or bubbles
Remove nodule with no:330 bur in high speed .Trace negative angles on inside of occlusal surface with tip of bur
Ideally the cast should touch the die only in the marginal region –there should be a slight gap every where else for future cementation.
A uniform space of 25 – 35micrometer necessary
If nodules present removed with round carbide bur

12. Use a separating disc to cut the sprue from the casting
Diagonal cutting plier may be used.
Hold hand piece with a firm pen grasp while cutting the sprue next to the casting
Avoid tipping the disc- if a disc binds in the cut grooves – it may flip the casting out of our hand
After removing the sprue , use separating to trim the remaining portion of sprue attachment on the casting until the contour in that area is continuous with the contour of the restoration surrounding the sprue

13. Sprue immediately adjacent to the casting is removed with separating disc

14. Use coarse rubber disc-to smooth away the roughness left by the separating disc.
Use finer Burlew/gold lustre blue disc in similar manner after coarse disc-now entire surface smooth with satin finish
Axial surface finished to the margin-do not extend over the margin-seat the restoration on the cast
Adjust the interproximal area-until restoration seats completely with contacting adjacent teeth

15. Axial surfaces are smoothed with Burlew wheel

16. Adjust occlusion in articulator-centric&eccentric
Remove restoration from working cast and place it back to die
No:0-”bud” finish bur – to smooth grooves on occlusal surface
Smooth cusp tips and blend them into the grooves on the occlusal surface with a small rubber sulci disc
External surface should have a satin like finish produced by Burlew rubber polishing wheel

17. TRY-IN & ADJUSTMENT

18. If careful and gentle no need of anesthesia
Patient’s unimpaired tactile sense can be valuable during adjustment of occlusion
Small safety ring provided by cutting a thin slice from hollow sprue
Attach it to the wax pattern where it will not interfere with occlusion
Thread floss through the ring before trying casting in the mouth.

19. A safety ring may be fashioned by cutting a thin slice from hollow sprue

20. Ring is luted to wax pattern

21. A length of dental floss is looped through the ring on the casting

22. Floss is allowed to hang out the corner of the mouth

23. Remove provisional restoration by grasping the buccal and lingual surface with tips of backhaus towel forceps and rocking it to the facial and lingual.
Remove the left cement particles
Wipe of prepared surface with cotton pellet ( dry )
Wash with luke warm water

24. Provisional restoration removed with backhaus forceps

25. A)Richwil crown remover soaked in hot water B)patient closes on softened cube C)patient opens quickly and forcefully to remove crown

26. Evaluation of restoration in following sequence:
Proximal contact
Margins
Occlusion
Contour
Esthetics

27. Adjustment of proximal surface contact
Proximal contact – neither too tight nor too light.
Place the restoration on the tooth & seat it with firm finger pressure.
Do not mallet / apply occlusal pressure.
Crown can be removed with Richwil crown remover
soaked in hot tap water for 1min
Patient closes on the softened cube
Patient opens quickly and forcefully to remove crown

28. Test for proximal contact with waxed dental floss
Satin finish on gold restoration - advantageous- shiny burnished area where tight contact occurs

29. Marginal adaptation
After proximal contact corrected seat restoration and examine margin closely-should not be ;
Overextended
Under extended
Too thick
Open- gap greater than 50µm

31. Various materials used to detect discrepancies
Chloroform & rouge / thinned typewriter correction fluid-painted in the internal surface
Thin layer of dry aerosol indicators – sprayed
DISCLOSING WAX:
Fill restoration ½ full of disclosing wax
Heat in flame to flow the wax & adhere to inner surface
Teeth wet with saliva( avoid sticking of wax)
Wax solidified seat restoration hold for 10 sec then remove

32. Areas of metal – tooth contact –appear as shiny spot devoid of wax
Relief impinging areas with no:30 bur-allow restoration to seat further
Remove disclosing material by swabbing with chloroform and sand blasting
Tooth cleaned with cavilax

33. GOLD MARGIN FINISHING 2 types of margins- sub gingival & supragingival
Casting placed on prepared tooth and have the patient seat it by closing on plastic bite wafer/wooden stick
Burnishing and marginal adaptation with dull spratley knife(30µm adaptation)
Finishing with white stone (60µm adaptation)
Final precementation smoothening with 3/8 inch cuttle disc

34. All accessible margins are burnished intraorally with a smooth dull instrument

35. Margins are finished with a white stone rotating from gold to tooth

36. OCCLUSAL ADJUSTMENT Ask the patient to close in customary position
Check if patient can hold the shim in between adjacent teeth with crown out – if not the crown too high
Ask the patient to bite in centric relation
Force until all teeth touch

37. Cntd….. If mandible shifts to side of restoration
Buccal incline of maxillary lingual cusp / lingual incline of mandibular buccal cusp adjusted
If mandible shifts away from restoration
BULLS

38. If patient can hold shim stock on adjacent teeth with the crown out,but not with it , the crown is too high

39. Premature contact on buccal incline of maxillary lingual cusp produces buccal shift to mandible

40. Premature contact on lingual slope of maxillary buccal cusp produces lingual shift of mandible

41. Premature contact on lingual incline of maxillary lingual cusp produces lingual shift of the mandible

42. NON WORKING MOVEMENTS
Non working interference

43. NON WORKING MOVEMENTS
Working interference

44. CONTOUR Improper contour-impaired gingival health
Excessive convexity near gingival margin
Plaque accumulation

45. ESTHETICS
Restoration viewed from conversational distance- see if contours harmonize with rest of patient’s dentition
Let patient look in a mirror

46. PRE CEMENTATION POLISHING

47. Polished to high shine polish axial surface with Tripoli on soft bristle brush occlusal anatomy restored (171 L carbide bur )
Shiny finish
Matt finish (sandblasting)
Enable observation of facets/burnishing produced by occlusal contact after casting in mouth

48. Masking tape is wrapped around the casting

49. Only the occlusal surface left uncovered

50. Casting placed in sand blaster

51. Air brush used to apply a matte finish to occlusal surface of the casting

52. POST CEMENTATION FINISHING

53. Occlusion checked
Finishing with fine rubber point
White polishing stone with lubrication (petrolatum)
To inaccessible areas
Fine cuttle disc
Pumice and rubber cup
FINAL POLISHING by – intraoral amalgloss

54. Thank you