1. Unit #7 Exam Review Quiz Grade: «grade» Subject: «subject» Date: «date»

2. 1When considering respiration, a stingray uses spiracles and _____________ to breathe. A Ram ventilation B Nictitating membrane C Two-pump ventilation D Ampullae of lorenzini

3. 2Many sharks must constantly move so that they can continually wash oxygenated water over their gills. These sharks have which of the following respiratory systems: A Two Pump B Ram Ventilation C Spiracles D Lobed Lungs

4. 3A shark that carries its eggs within its body prior to the eggs hatching shortly before birth would be considered A Oviparous B Viviparous C Cannibalistic viviparous D Placental viviparous

5. 4All of the following are responsible for the rapid drop in many sharks all across the globe, EXCEPT: A The killing of sharks in United States waters to protect beach-goers B Gill nets C Hunting for sharks to produce sharkfin soup D The economic success of Asian markets

6. 5Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Chimeras A They are pelagic hunters B They have 6 teeth that are permanent and used for grinding shelled inverts C They have only a single gill slit D They have fewer organs than a shark or a ray.

7. 6A shark's hyostylic jaw: A Allows sharks to displace so much water when it opens its mouth that is sucks prey towards it B Allows for ample room for newly generated teeth to protrude into the mouth & function as barbs to catch prey C Allows sharks to vary the position of their jaw/teeth depending on its prey D Allows larger sharks to slowly exsanguinate small prey

8. 7Shark teeth that are broad & serrated are found in sharks that hunt: A large mammals B small fish C plankton D shellfish

9. 8Cetaceans (dolphins/whales) look a lot like chondrichthyes, these similar structures are A homologous B evolutionary C analogous D caudal fins

10. 9The defining characteristic of an animal in the class Chondrichthyes is: A aggressive behavior B a cartilaginous skeleton C a lineagethat goes back hundreds of millions of years D the constant shedding & regrowing of teeth

11. 10Ampullae of Lorenzini detects A chemicals B electric fields C pressure D temperature changes

12. 11Which of the following is NOT associated with the visual system of chondrichthyes: A The visual systems are well developed for hunting at night B The tapetum lucidum amplifies limited light by reflecting the incoming light throughout the eye C The nictitating membrane functions as a transparent 3rd eye lid for additional protection & clearing debris D The Ampullae of Lorenzini assists in the detection of light particles during times of limited light & cloudy water

13. 12The oldest known unambiguous chondrichthyes was found during the: A Silurian Period B Devonian Period C Cambrian Period D Tertiary Period

14. 13A shark with the following type of teeth most likely eats A large fish or mammals B small, schooling fish C clams and bivalves D krill and plankton

15. 14The amplified lateral line on a shark is able to detect changes in water movement up to ___________ away A 1 meter B 10 meters away C 50 meters away D 100 meters away

16. 15True or False: The class chondrichthyes includes the largest animals to ever exist on the planet. True False

17. 16All of the following are true when considering shark teeth, EXCEPT: A The rows of teeth are even and symmetrical B The teeth are generated by the same type of cells that generate the placoid scales C The teeth of sharks are constantly replaced throughout its entire lifetime D The shape of the sharks teeth is determined by what that species of shark has developed to eat

18. 17A spiracle on a sting ray is located A near the nostrils B behind the eyes C in the middle of the back D directly anterior of the caudal fin/tail.

19. 18All of the following are true about squaloid sharks, EXCEPT: A They have relatively small brains B They are dominant carnivores C They mostly live in cold, deep waters D Examples are dogfish, megamouth, and cookie-cutter sharks

20. 19Evidence suggests that the Megalodon A was the largest aggresive carnivore on record B had the most teeth of any known predatory animal C was the largest animal ever to exist in the water D still exists in large populations today

21. 20A shark with the following type of teeth most likely eats A large fish or mammals B small, schooling fish C clams and bivalves D krill and plankton

22. 21Sharks evolved their modern body shape during the ________ A Carboniferous Period B Holocene Epoch C Pleistocene Epoch D Jurassic Period

23. 22The chondrichthyan in the picture most likely eats: A large mammal B small fish C plankton D shellfish

24. 23The heterocercal shape of a shark's tail is beneficial because: A it allows the shark to use countershading as camouflage so that it cannot be seen from above or below B with each swish of the tail the shark amplifies its ability to detect both electrical and chemical changes in the water C with each side-to-side movement of the tail, both forward and upward force is generated D it allows the rostrum to protrude forward and increases the abilities of chemoreceptors found within this organ

25. 24Cladoselache was an important chondrichthian fossil because: A its dorsal fins were used to walk across the bottom of the ocean B it had heterodont dentition C it was the first example of a species with a rostrum D it had ligamentous teeth arranged in a whorl-shape arrangement

26. 25The majority of chondrichthyes reproduce through A oviparity B viviparity C cannibalistic vivipary D placental vivipary

27. 26Which of the following does NOT shed many teeth throughout its lifetime A Great White sharks (Elasmobranchii) B Tiger sharks (aggressive) C Greenland sharks (slow moving) D Ghost fish (chimera)

28. 27Chondrichthyes use which of the following to help with bouyancy. A oil-filled liver B gas bladder C swim bladder D blubber

29. 28All of the following are in the subclass of Elasmobrachii, EXCEPT: A sharks B rays C chimeras D skates

30. 29Which of the following is used to help nocturnal hunters like sharks see well even in limited light: A melanin B nititating membranes C lateral line D tapetum lucidum

31. 30Which of the following accurately describes the difference between Neoselachii and Elasmobranchii A Neoselachii only includes extant species, while Elasmobranchii includes both extant and extinct species B Neoselachii includes Holocephali, while Elasmobranchii only includes animals that we consider "sharks" C Neoselachii includes small sharks and rays, whereas Elasmobranchii include the larger of the Chondrichthyes D Holocephali contain around 33 extant species, whereas Elasmobranchii includes close to 1000 species

32. 31Which of the following best describes the location of the rostrum on a shark? A Posterior B Dorsal C Ventral D Anterior

33. 32A goblin shark is a small-brained shark that lives in deep, cold waters. From this information alone you can tell that the goblin shark is a ______________. A Galeomorpha B Squalomorpha C Holocephali D Batoidea

34. 33The teeth of a galeoid shark are most similar to which type of tissue? A Placoid Scales B Ganoid Scales C Calcium carbonate that makes up the vertebrae surrounding the spinal cord D Cones and rods found at the back of the eye of advanced sharks

35. 34All of the following are true when considering shark eyes, EXCEPT: A Melanin helps shield their eyes from bright light B The tapetum lucidum covers over the eyes of larger sharks when they bite into prey that could hit and damage their eyes C Sharks have eyes that are well developed for detecting prey during the day and during the night D The tapetum lucidum helps to amplify light in low-light situations so that the shark can hunt effectively in the dark

36. 35Sharks, such as sand tiger sharks, will compete with each other in the womb, with the most dominant pup killing and consuming its brothers and sisters. This type of gestation is called: A Oviparity B Ovoviviparity C Cannibalistic viviparity D Placental viviparity