1. IDENTIFICATION AGE
Dr. AJEE KURUVILLA

2. AGE Physical development Teeth
Ossification centres- appearance & fusion
Age related changes

3. Age in intra uterine life
From birth to 25 years
More than 25 years

4. Age in intra uterine life
Developing morphology
Ossification centres appear
Germination of teeth
Haase’s rule-age in lunar months
If Crown heel length is <25 cm, age in months = square root of length
If Crown heel length is >25 cm, age in months = length / 5

5. From birth to 25 years
Physical features
Teeth
Ossification of bones

6. Temporary teeth
TOOTH ERUPTION
Lower central incisor 6-8months
Upper central incisor 7-9 months
Upper lateral incisor 7-9 months
Lower lateral incisor months
First molar months
Canine months
Second molar months

7. Permanent teeth TOOTH ERUPTION First molar 6-7 yrs
Central incisor yrs
Lateral incisor yrs
1st premolar yrs
2nd premolar yrs
Canine yrs
2nd molar yrs
3rd molar yrs

8. Ossification centres Wrist & Hand in children
Elbow, shoulder, pelvis, knee in adults
Skull, vertebrae & sternum in old people

9. More than 25 years Physical features Teeth- Gustafson s method
Changes in skeleton- closure of skull sutures

10. Gustafson s method Attrition Paradentosis Secondary dentine
Root resorption
Transparency of root
Cementum apposition

11. Gustafson s method Age = 11.43 + 4.56 (Total score) +/- 3.63
Total score = A+P+S+R+T+C
0 = no change
1 = slight change
2 = obvious change
3 = maximum change

12. Medico legal importance of AGE
Criminal responsibility
Judicial punishment
Kidnapping
Rape
Marriage
Attainment of majority
Employment
Impotence & sterility
Criminal abortion
Infanticide

13. Criminal responsibility
Sec 82 IPC- child < 7 yrs, no criminal responsibility
(in Malaysia 10yrs)
Sec 83 IPC- child 7-12 yrs, liable for punishment
(in Malaysia 10-12yrs)
Indian Railways Act- child < 5 yrs not liable for punishment

14. Judicial punishment Juvenile offender- BELOW 18 yrs Juvenile court
Rehabilitation school

15. Consent
Sec 89 IPC- child < 12 yrs cannot give valid consent to suffer any harm which may occur from an act done in good faith & for his/ her benefit.
Sec 87 IPC- child < 18 yrs cannot give valid consent( implied or expressed) to suffer any harm which may result from an act not intended or not known to cause death or grievous hurt. E.g. wrestling contest

16. Kidnapping
Sec IPC- offence of kidnapping- girl less than 18, boy less than 16 yrs
Malaysia-girl >16, boy>14yrs)
Sec 369 IPC- child less than 10 yrs
Sec 366(A), 372, 373 IPC- less than 18 yr girl for Prostitution
Sec 366(B)importing less than 21 yr girl for Prostitution

17. Rape
Sec 375 IPC – girl below 16 yrs
Wife below 15 yrs

18. Marriage
Child Marriage Act
Girl above 18 & boy above 21

19. Cohabitation Section 493 I.P.C
Every man who by deceit causes any woman who is not legally married to him to believe that she is lawfully married to him and to cohabit or have sexual intercourse with him in that belief, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten year, and shall also be liable for fine

20. Cohabitation
The law presumes that no woman would cohabit, unless deceived by the man
There is danger among “live-in” relationships for the woman to falsely accuse the man of having deceived her, and thereby send the man behind bars for 10 yrs !!

21. Attainment of majority
18 yrs
Adult franchise
Driving license
When guardian appointed by Court, person attains majority at age 21

22. Employment Child labour - below 15 yrs Adolescent labour- 15- 18 yrs
Adult labour- more than 18 yrs
Indian Factory Act- child below 14 cannot be employed in hazardous jobs
AMENDMENT: any child below the age of 14yrs cannot work

23. Infanticide Killing of an infant (child below 1 yr) CRIMINAL ABORTION
Viability- after 7 months
Gestational age of foetus important in case of criminal abortion in view of enhanced punishment

24. Evidence in Court 118 of IEA - No minimum age Sterility & Impotence
A boy is sterile before puberty , may not be impotent before puberty
A girl is sterile before puberty & after menopause

25. 1. Which of the following is NOT a criterion used in Gustafson's method of assessing age from teeth
a) Attrition
b) Paradentosis
c) Secondary dentine
d) Primary dentine

26. 2. According to Section 89 IPC, a child cannot give valid consent to suffer any harm which can occur from an act done in good faith, if he/she is below
a) 10 years
b) 14 years
c) 12 years
d) 16 years

27. 3. According to Haase’s rule, the intra-uterine age of a foetus (up to a crown-heel length of 25cm) can be determined by
a) Calculating the square root of the crown- heel length.
b) Dividing the crown-heel length by 5.
c) Multiplying the crown-heel length by 5.
d) Doubling the crown-heel length.

28. 4. Beyond a crown-heel length of 25cms, the age of foetus can be determined by
a) Age = length/ 2
b) Age = (length)2
c) Age = length/ 5
d) Age = length x 5

29. 5. The minimum age for criminal responsibility according to the Indian Railways Act is
a) More than 5 years
b) More than 7 years
c) More than 12 years
d) More than 14 years

30. 6. A girl is sent to reformatory school on being convicted of a criminal offence, if her age is less than
a) 15 years
b) 16 years
c) 17 years
d) 18 years

31. 8. The study of incremental lines in the enamel of tooth to assess the age of a person is known as
a) Haase’s rule
b) Morissons’s Method
c) Boyde’s Method
d) McNaughten Rule

32. 9. When a boy of 5 years kills an infant he can be awarded
a) Death Sentence
b) Life Imprisonment
c) Solitary confinement
d) None of them.

33. 10. To become a competent witness, a person should attain the age of :
a) 12 years
b) 10 years
c) 8 years
d) 6 years
e) None of them

34. THANK YOU