1. E-0

2. The sudden slipping or movement of portions of the Earths crust against one another –Caused by a sudden release of stresses –Usually less than 25 miles below the surface E-1 An Earthquake is…

3. Aftershocks: These are earthquakes which follow the largest shock. They can continue for weeks, months and even years Epicenter: The point on the Earths surface above the point deep in the Earths crust where an earthquake occurs E-2 Earthquake Terms to Know Part 1 Earthquake Terms to Know Part 1

4. Fault: A fracture or crack along which two blocks of rock slide past each other Magnitude: The amount of energy released at the epicenter by the earthquake – measured using various scales (ex. Richter scale) E-3 Earthquake Terms to Know Part 2 Earthquake Terms to Know Part 2

5. Small: 5.0 to 5.9 Moderate: 6.0 to 6.9 Major: 7.0 to 7.9 Great: 8.0 or greater E-4 Richter Scale

6. Seismologists: Scientists who study earthquakes, their causes, and effects Seismographs: Instruments that make an automatic record of the time, duration, direction, and intensity of earthquakes. E-5 Earthquake Terms to Know Part 3 Earthquake Terms to Know Part 3

7. Collapsed buildings Damage to utilities, structures, and roads Fires and explosions Structural instability, e.g., dams Landslides and debris flows E-6 Earthquake Damage

8. Greatest likelihood –Western United States San Andreas Fault Western Oregon and Washington Alaskan coast –New Madrid Fault Zone in Missouri –Few pockets on East Coast Coastal South Carolina New England E-7 Likelihood of an Earthquake

9. 75 million Americans in 39 states face significant risk Residents of California face the highest risk (17 million people) followed by residents of western Washington State E-8 Earthquake Statistics

10. Colorado has less earthquake activity than states like California but is still susceptible We have had over 400 magnitude 2.5 or higher earthquakes since 1867 The largest earthquake experienced here was estimated at magnitude 6.6 in 1882 in North-Central CO E-9 Likelihood of an Earthquake in Colorado Likelihood of an Earthquake in Colorado

11. E-10 Trinidad Earthquake - 2011

12. Secure your space - Store and secure heavy or breakable objects on low shelves Secure bookshelves and water heaters Move beds away from windows E-11 Earthquake Preparedness Step 1: Secure it Earthquake Preparedness Step 1: Secure it

13. Secure your space - Secure heavy pieces of unstable furniture to the ground or walls Move or secure hanging objects over beds, sofas, or chairs Put latches on cabinet doors E-12 Earthquake Preparedness Step 1: Secure it Cont. Earthquake Preparedness Step 1: Secure it Cont.

14. Develop home earthquake plan –Think about safe places in your home, school and/or work Conduct earthquake drills Develop plan for reuniting family members Develop family communication plan Keep supplies on hand E-13 Earthquake Preparedness Step 2: Make a plan Earthquake Preparedness Step 2: Make a plan

15. -Create an emergency kit, which includes enough supplies for each member of your family, including: -Food -Water -Clothing, -Flashlights -First aid kits E-14 Earthquake Preparedness Step 3: Make a checklist or 3 day kit Earthquake Preparedness Step 3: Make a checklist or 3 day kit

16. -Other items you may want to include are -NOAA weather radio -Extra batteries -Whistle -Dust masks -Personal sanitary items -Maps -Eating utensils E-15 Earthquake Preparedness Step 3: Make a checklist or 3 day kit Earthquake Preparedness Step 3: Make a checklist or 3 day kit

17. Check out readycolorado.com for more help making a kit or creating a checklist specific to your family, including pets! E-16 Earthquake Preparedness Step 3: Make a checklist or 3 day kit Earthquake Preparedness Step 3: Make a checklist or 3 day kit

18. -Check for vulnerable pipes, and install flexible pipes where possible -Check your homes foundation -Fix unreinforced masonry E-17 Earthquake Preparedness Step 4: Make your home safer Earthquake Preparedness Step 4: Make your home safer

19. DROP Drop down to the Floor E-18 During an Earthquake Step 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on! During an Earthquake Step 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on!

20. COVER Take cover by getting under a sturdy desk, table or other stable piece of furniture. If this is not possible, cover your head and neck with your arms and crouch in an inside corner of a building or against an interior wall. E-19 During an Earthquake Step 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on! During an Earthquake Step 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on!

21. HOLD Hold on and stay in that position until the shaking stops and it is safe to move. E-20 During an Earthquake Step 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on! During an Earthquake Step 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on!

22. If you are outdoors, find a spot away from buildings, trees, streetlights, power lines, and overpasses If you are on the sidewalk near a building, duck under a doorway to protect yourself from falling debris If you are in a vehicle, drive to clear spot and stop –Stay in the vehicle until shaking is over E-21 During an Earthquake Step 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on! During an Earthquake Step 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on!

23. If you are in a stadium stay in your seat, crouch down, and protect your head and neck If you are in a crowded store or other public space move away from display shelves. Do not rush for the exit! If you are in a tall building, move against an interior wall and protect your head and neck. Do not use elevators! E-22 During an Earthquake Step 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on! During an Earthquake Step 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on!

24. –Check yourself for injuries and protect yourself from further danger before helping others Consider becoming certified in First Aid, and CPD/AED before a disaster happens Identify hazards such as damaged gas, water, sewage, and electrical lines – stay away from these! –Prepare yourself for possible aftershocks –Begin following your disaster preparedness plan E-23 Recovering from an earthquake Step 6: Check it out Recovering from an earthquake Step 6: Check it out

25. If you are trapped under debris – -Do not light a match -Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing -Avoid kicking up dust -Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you or use a whistle if available -Try not to should unless it is a last resort, in order to avoid breathing in large amounts of dust E-24 Recovering from an earthquake Step 6: Check it out Recovering from an earthquake Step 6: Check it out

26. –Tune to Emergency Alert System (EAS) through a radio to keep up to date with updates and safety information –Notify an out of area contact, then stay off the phone. Text only. –Help neighbors –Wear shoes to protect yourself from glass and other sharp objects –Be ready for possible aftershocks E-25 Recovering from an earthquake Step 7: Communicate and Recover Recovering from an earthquake Step 7: Communicate and Recover

27. Inspect home for damage if there are no immediate hazards are present Check appliances for damage Switch off electrical power if there is damage to electrical wiring Check gas lines for damage, turn off the main gas valve outside if a gas leak is suspected Check the building for cracks and other damage Check to see that water and sewage lines are intact Check water and food supplies Check closets and cupboards (be careful, items have likely shifted) E-26 Recovering from an earthquake Step 7: Communicate and Recover Recovering from an earthquake Step 7: Communicate and Recover

28. –Extinguish small fires –Clean up spills –Do not use your car unless absolutely necessary, or until you are given the ok by responders E-27 Recovering from an earthquake Step 7: Communicate and Recover Cont. Recovering from an earthquake Step 7: Communicate and Recover Cont.

29. E-28 Questions