2. Winter Driving Safety Authored by USAALS – Safety 09-Sep-1997 - Updated 15-Oct-12 Modified by Lt Colonel Fred Blundell TX-129th Fort Worth Senior Squadron For Local Training Rev 6.0 05-Jan-2014

3. This Training Slide Show is a project undertaken by Lt Colonel Fred Blundell of the TX-129 Fort Worth Senior Squadron, Fort Worth, TX for local use to assist those CAP Members interested in advancing their skills. The information contained herein is for CAP Members personal use and is not intended to replace or be a substitute for any of the CAP National Training Programs. Users should review the presentations Revision Number at the end of each file name to ensure that they have the most current publication.

4. PREPARE FOR WINTER WEATHER Wipers - Good working orderWipers - Good working order Windshield Washer Fluid - Fill UpWindshield Washer Fluid - Fill Up Anti-freeze - 50% water 50% CoolantAnti-freeze - 50% water 50% Coolant Battery & Belts - Check conditionBattery & Belts - Check condition Oil - Replace your oil with Winter grade oilOil - Replace your oil with Winter grade oil Tires - Check treads, pressure and owners manual recommendationsTires - Check treads, pressure and owners manual recommendations Ice Scraper & Snow Shovel - NecessitiesIce Scraper & Snow Shovel - Necessities

5. SNOW BRUSH W/ SCRAPERSNOW BRUSH W/ SCRAPER FLASHLIGHT W/ BATTERIESFLASHLIGHT W/ BATTERIES BLANKETBLANKET MITTENS, SOCKS & HATMITTENS, SOCKS & HAT SMALL SHOVELSMALL SHOVEL SACK OF SAND OR KITTY LITTERSACK OF SAND OR KITTY LITTER JUMPER CABLESJUMPER CABLES HAZARD SIGN, FLARES OR FLAGHAZARD SIGN, FLARES OR FLAG WINDSHIELD WASHER FLUIDWINDSHIELD WASHER FLUID BEFORE TRIPS PACK WINTER CAR KIT

6. WARM-UP & CLEAN-OFF! IDLE ENGINE - DO NOT RACE ENGINE CLEAN OFF VEHICLE COMPLETELY CLEAN ALL LIGHTS - CLEAN ALL LIGHTS - SCRAPE ALL WINDOWS AND MIRRORS - SWEEP ALL THE SNOW OFF THE VEHICLE Good all-around visibility is important!!!!! Remember, BEING IN A HURRY WILL RESULT IN ACCIDENTS DOWN THE ROAD!

7. RISK MANAGEMENT DRIVING DECISIONS Is my car equipped for the weather?Is my car equipped for the weather? Can I make this trip later?Can I make this trip later? What would be the safest route?What would be the safest route? Am I prepared for emergencies?Am I prepared for emergencies?

8. POOR RISK MANAGEMENT OR BAD JUDGEMENT? Every year, motorists are killed or severely injured in winter driving accidents. Before setting out on any winter drive, you should ask yourself: Is this trip really necessary? ORM suggests that waiting for a storm to clear is probably the best option for most of us. If it is necessary to complete a mission during severe weather, take all appropriate precautions to protect yourself and your team from harm. Be prepared!

9. WINTER DRIVING TECHNIQUES Drive at reduced speeds so you can stop quicker.Drive at reduced speeds so you can stop quicker. Give turn signals sooner than usual. This gives other drivers more time to react.Give turn signals sooner than usual. This gives other drivers more time to react. Pump your brakes to warn of your intention to stop.Pump your brakes to warn of your intention to stop. Maintain at least triple the normal distance from the vehicle ahead. (6 seconds)Maintain at least triple the normal distance from the vehicle ahead. (6 seconds)

10. BLACK ICE DANGEROUS BECAUSE YOU CANT SEE IT! COMMON AREAS YOULL FIND IT: 1. Bridges/Overpasses/Underpasses 2. Shaded areas.

11. BLACK ICE SAFE REACTIONS DONT PANIC! DONT PANIC! MAKE NO SUDDEN CHANGES IN SPEED OR DIRECTION MAKE NO SUDDEN CHANGES IN SPEED OR DIRECTION EASE OFF ACCELERATOR EASE OFF ACCELERATOR STEER IN THE DIRECTION THAT THE REAR OF THE VEHICLE IS SKIDDING STEER IN THE DIRECTION THAT THE REAR OF THE VEHICLE IS SKIDDING

12. FRESH SNOW CAN CONCEAL ICY ROADS!

13. SKIDS Result from unexpected forces: 1. Black Ice 2. Driving too fast for conditions 3. Sudden steering corrections or braking 4. Sudden accelerations

14. SKIDS If your vehicle begins to skid, take the following actions: 1. Front end skids - Release the brake and let the front wheels roll freely to regain traction and steering control. 2. Rear end skids - Take foot off of accelerator and turn wheels in the direction that the rear of the vehicle is skidding, and pump brakes lightly.

15. FOG WHEN DRIVING IN FOG, USE LOW-BEAM HEADLIGHTS, or STOP, GET OFF OF THE ROADWAY COMPLETELY, AND WAIT!! FOG FOG

16. !!! DANGER !!! CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING Each year 1,500 people are killed in the U.S. by carbon monoxide, approximately 900 of whom die in their homes and about 600 who die in their vehicles. More than 10,000 are exposed to levels so dangerous that medical attention is required.

17. CARBON MONOXIDE GAS CARBON MONOXIDE GASAttributes/Effects 1.Odorless & Colorless 2.Nausea, Headache, Dizziness 3.Causes Drowsiness 4.CAN BE FATAL

18. CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING Prevention Tips. Never run engine in an enclosed area 1. Never run engine in an enclosed area 2. Check exhaust (muffler) for leaks 2. Check exhaust (muffler) for leaks

19. For Safe Winter Driving

20. BEFORE TRIPS, CHECK BATTERYBATTERY ANTIFREEZEANTIFREEZE WIPERS & FLUIDWIPERS & FLUID IGNITION SYSTEMIGNITION SYSTEM THERMOSTATTHERMOSTAT LIGHTSLIGHTS HAZARD LIGHTSHAZARD LIGHTS EXHAUST SYSTEMEXHAUST SYSTEM HEATERHEATER BRAKESBRAKES DEFROSTERDEFROSTER OIL LEVELOIL LEVEL

21. To make an emergency stop on a slippery road… Regular Brakes - Pump the Brake Pedal. Anti-lock Brakes (ABS) - Press down and hold. The ABS will pump for you. Brake System

22. Rear Wheel Drive Pushes and Front Wheel Drive Pulls The systems may feel a little different, but always steer in the direction of the skid, and make gentle corrections to regain control. Drive System

23. KEY DRIVING TIPS ALLOW MORE TIME TO TRAVELALLOW MORE TIME TO TRAVEL MAINTAIN MORE SPACEMAINTAIN MORE SPACE DRIVE WITH YOUR LIGHTS ONDRIVE WITH YOUR LIGHTS ON WEAR SAFETY BELTSWEAR SAFETY BELTS LOOK WELL AHEADLOOK WELL AHEAD ANTICIPATE PROBLEMSANTICIPATE PROBLEMS

24. STUCK IN SNOW CLEAR A PATHCLEAR A PATH STRAIGHTEN FRONT WHEELSSTRAIGHTEN FRONT WHEELS USE ABRASIVE MATERIALS UNDER WHEELSUSE ABRASIVE MATERIALS UNDER WHEELS USE GENTLE PRESSURE ON ACCELERATORUSE GENTLE PRESSURE ON ACCELERATOR DONT SPIN YOUR WHEELSDONT SPIN YOUR WHEELS ROCKING THE VEHICLE - CHECK OWNERS MANUALROCKING THE VEHICLE - CHECK OWNERS MANUAL CLEAR SNOW FROM EXHAUST SYSTEMCLEAR SNOW FROM EXHAUST SYSTEM LAST RESORT, CALLLAST RESORT, CALL FOR HELP & A TOW… FOR HELP & A TOW…

25. SUMMARY REMEMBER THE THREE PsREMEMBER THE THREE Ps –PREPARE FOR THE TRIP –PROTECT YOURSELF –PREVENT CRASHES ON THE ROAD SLOW DOWN!SLOW DOWN! GIVE SPACEGIVE SPACE CLEAN OFF WINDOWS – SEECLEAN OFF WINDOWS – SEE CLEAN OFF ALL LIGHTS AND TURN LIGHTSCLEAN OFF ALL LIGHTS AND TURN LIGHTS ON - BE SEEN!

26. Drive To Stay Alive ! Always Think Safety