1. Centre of Asian Studies, HKU The Politics of Identity Formation: the Case of Koo Chen-fu Clare Tsai-man HO Centre of Asian Studies The University of Hong Kong 1

2. Centre of Asian Studies, HKU The structure of my presentation Introduction of the Koo family Research Question Analytical Framework Putting the figures into historical settings: The eras in which Koo lived up Taiwan under Japanese Rule Taiwan under the Nationalist Government Koos episode Koos exile in Hong Kong Koos return to Taiwan Conclusion 2

3. Centre of Asian Studies, HKU Koo Hsien-jung Koo Chen-fu Koo Kwan-min The Koo Family in Taiwan 3

4. Centre of Asian Studies, HKU My Research Question: In his whole life, my father never speaks Japanese. Koo Chen-fu grew up in a traditional Chinese family, accepting the Chinese Education, reading Chinese. I am Chinese; I am Taiwanese 4 In what conditions do people have to make statements like that?

5. Centre of Asian Studies, HKU The schemes of the governance Networks, comprised of Significant Others The dialectical relations of identity formation: a configuration of power Significant Networks generate social affiliation and help gaining social recognition 5

6. Centre of Asian Studies, HKU 6 Regimes inKoo Hsien-jung 1866-1937 Koo Chen-fu 1917-2005 Koo Kwan-min 1926-- Ching Meiji (1895-1912) Taishō 1912-1926 Syou-wa (1926-1945) The Chiang Regimes 1945-1988 Democratization (1988--) Putting the figures into historical settings:

7. Centre of Asian Studies, HKU 7 Modernization as well as Douka( ) in Taiwan

8. Centre of Asian Studies, HKU 8 Dichotomy of Identities Naichijin( )Bondojin( ) Dichotomy between modern civilization Advanced JapanBackward China Taiwan under Japanese Rule Modernization= Japanization?Yes and No Japan and China in Fathers eyes

9. Centre of Asian Studies, HKU 9 Regimes inKoo Chen-fu 1917-2005 Ching Meiji (1895-1912) Taishō 1912-1926 Syou-wa (1926-1945) The Chiang Regimes 1945-1988 Democratization (1988--) The eras in which Koo Chen-fu grew up Liberal Taishō and Militarism-driven Showa 2 events in His Childhood Crown Prince Hirohito visited Taiwan His transfer to Japanese elementary school

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11. Centre of Asian Studies, HKU 11 Around 1940, a letter KCF wrote to his mother from Japan. Its in Japanese. Koo Hsien-jung died in 1937. The funeral was processed in Japanese style in order to make example for Taiwanese. Source: KCFs Biography Source: snapshot from Documentary of KCF on TV

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14. Centre of Asian Studies, HKU 14 Political Violence from the Chiangs Regime A neocolonial regime Taiwans Decolonization Celebration was short Economic collapse and corruptive governance Japans Defeat A curious episode in Koos life In 1946 Koo was put in jail for treason charge

15. Centre of Asian Studies, HKU 15 How much did Taiwanese know about the Republic of China?

16. Centre of Asian Studies, HKU 16 Time periodRice/ per 1 Tai Jin(0.67kg)index 1945.80.2 yen1 time 1945.103.6 yen18 times 1945.1112.0 yen60 times 1946.216.8 yen84 times 1946.420.0 yen100 times 1947.180 yen400 times SERIOUS INFLATION

17. Centre of Asian Studies, HKU 17 1.Taiwanese Incomplete Chinese 2.After 228 Incidents, Anyone could be Communist or Traitor( ) I hope that every Taiwanese will fully recognize his duty to our fatherland and strictly observe discipline, so as not to be utilized by treacherous gangs and laughed at by the Japanese…. Thus only can Taiwanese be free from the debt they owe to the entire nation which has undergone so many sacrifices and bitter struggles for the last fifty years in order to recover Taiwan. -- Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, addressing the Weekly Memorial Services at Nanking, March 10, 1947 3. Uprooting Japan; Implanting China

18. Centre of Asian Studies, HKU 18 Koos exile in Hong Kong :re-adjustment, new social affiliation and social recognition He married to Yen Cho-yun (Cecilia Koo) 1. His motive to return to Taiwan 2.The newly constructed network: Key person: Yeh Ming-shun, Cecilias brother in law To solve the political crises Yeh Ming-Shun Peng Meng-Chi( ) To join the KMT-governed system Yeh Ming-Shun Huang Shao-gu (Executive Yuan) Yeh Ming-Shun Chang Zi-kai (the Minister of Economic Affair)

19. Centre of Asian Studies, HKU 19 Koos exile in Hong Kong : re-adjustment, new social affiliation and social recognition The Chinese element: Peking Opera

20. Centre of Asian Studies, HKU 20 On the eve of Koo-Wang Talk In DPPs eyes, He was insufficiently Taiwanese

21. Centre of Asian Studies, HKU 21 Conclusion 1.Can we refuse a finalized and holistic affirmation of Japaneseness, Chineseness, or Taiwaneseness? 2. Contradiction between / ; / all dissolved by identification as komin(, imperial subject) 3. Contrast between and, / colonial subjects, is suppressed in favor of (father/motherland) and (Chinese) respectively.

22. Centre of Asian Studies, HKU 22 The move and process to step on stage demands discipline. For the new performers debut, it is always his teacher who pushes him toward the stage. Once on stage, he can never turn back and has to keep going forward. Palpitating and uneasy is unavoidable. Thus, he has to find his own position on the stage and stand firm as soon as possible. Yet, where to stand is also important. Only in a right position is he able to play the role well. Speaking of Peking opera, Koo said: