1. Biomes

2. Biomes Contain similar average annual temperature and precipitation.
Contain distinctive plant growth

3. For every 10° C increase, plants need 20 mm of rain to meet the increase temp. demands

4. For every 10° C increase, plants need 20 mm of rain to meet the increase temp. demands

5. Three Types of Biomes
Tropical
Temperate
Tundra and Boreal

6. Three Types of Biomes Tropical Temperate Tundra and Boreal
Warm and rainy – good for growing crops
Warm with less rainfall – good for growing grains
Colder regions good for harvesting lumber

7. Tundra Temperature: Precipitation: Growing season: Vegetation:
Adaptations:
Soil nutrient level:
Permafrost:

8. Tundra Temperature: Cold Precipitation: Low
Growing season: Short – 4 months
Vegetation: small shrubs, mosses, lichens
Adaptations: can grow in shallow waterlogged soil, survive short growing seasons and cold
Soil nutrient level: Low
Permafrost: impermeable, permanently frozen layer, prevents H20 from draining and roots from penetrating (no trees)
Why does tundra have nutrient poor soil? Cold temperatures slow decomposition rates

9. Boreal Forest Temperature: Precipitation: Growing season: Vegetation:
Adaptations:
Like the tundra, the boreal forest has nutrient poor soil. Why?

10. Boreal Forest Temperature: Cold Precipitation: Low
Growing season: Short
Vegetation: Coniferous and deciduous
Adaptations: Coniferous needles tolerate cold, deciduous drop leaves before cold
Like the tundra, the boreal forest has nutrient poor soil. Why?
Soils are nutrient poor so poorly suited for agriculture but important source of lumber

11. Temperate Rain Forest Temperature: Precipitation: Growing season:
Vegetation:
Soil nutrient level:
Location:
Threats:

12. Temperate Rain Forest Temperature: Moderate Precipitation: High
Growing season: Long – 12 months
Vegetation: very large trees – fir, spruce, redwoods
Soil nutrient level: Low – due to coniferous needles that are slow to decompose
Location: Coastal – oceans moderate temperature and provide water vapor
Threats: Large trees are logged
Nutrient poor soil due to coniferous needles that are slow to decompose – nutrients rapidly taken up or leached down through the soil

13. Temperate Seasonal Forest
Temperature:
Precipitation:
Growing season:
Vegetation:
Soil nutrient level:
Adaptations:
Threats:

14. Temperate Seasonal Forest
Temperature: Warm summers and cold winters
Precipitation: High
Growing season: 12 months
Vegetation: deciduous trees
Soil nutrient level: Rapid decomp. – fertile soil
Threats: Often cleared for agriculture due to fertile soil

15. Woodland/Shrubland Temperature: Precipitation: Growing season:
Vegetation:
Soil nutrient level:
Adaptations:

16. Woodland/Shrubland Temperature: hot summer and mild winter
Precipitation: dry summer and rainy winter
Growing season: 12 month – constrained by low rain in summer and low temps. in winter
Vegetation: yucca, scrub oak, sagebrush
Soil nutrient level: Low – leaching by winter rains
Adaptations: plants adapted to fire and drought – seeds open after intense heat, plants resprout quickly after fire

17. Temperate Grassland (Prairie, Steppes, Pampas)
Temperature:
Precipitation:
Growing season:
Vegetation:
Soil Nutrient Level:
Adaptations:
Tall grass prairie vs. short grass prairie vs. cold desert

18. Temperate Grassland (Prairie, Steppes, Pampas)
Temperature: Cold winter, hot summers
Precipitation: Dry summers
Growing season: 12 month – constrained by low rain in summer and low temps. in winter
Vegetation: grasses and non woody flowering plants
Soil Nutrient Level: Rapid decomp. makes this biome very productive
Adaptations: wildfires and frequent grazing – deep roots store energy for quick regrowth
Tall grass prairie vs. short grass prairie vs. cold desert
98% of tall grass prairie in the united states has been converted to agriculture

19. Tropical Rainforest Temperature: Precipitation: Growing season:
Vegetation:
Soil Nutrient Level:
Canopy vs. understory
Epiphytes and lianas

20. Tropical Rainforest Temperature: High Precipitation: High
Growing season: 12 months
Vegetation: More biodiversity than any other biome
Soil Nutrient Level: Warm and wet – rapid decomp. but nutrients are taken up quickly
Canopy vs. understory
Epiphytes and lianas

21. Tropical Seasonal Forest
Temperature:
Precipitation:
Growing season:
Vegetation:
Soil Nutrient Level:
Adaptations:

22. Tropical Seasonal Forest
Temperature: Warm
Precipitation: Wet and dry seasons
Growing season: Long – but limited by rain
Vegetation: deciduous trees and grasses
Soil Nutrient Level: Warm temps. allow rapid decomp. - fertile soils
Adaptations: drop leaves during dry season

23. Desert Temperature: Precipitation: Growing season: Vegetation:
Adaptations:

24. Desert Temperature: Hot Precipitation: Dry
Growing season: Short – limited by rain
Vegetation: sparse vegetation
Adaptations: small, thick waxy layer with few pores to conserve water. Spines to protect themselves from herbivores

25. Lakes and Ponds List the letter and define the zones below
_____ Littoral zone-
_____ Limnetic zone-
_____ Profundal zone-
_____Benthic zone -

26. Freshwater Wetlands Define: wetlands Differentiate Swamps Marshes Bogs
What ecosystem services do wetlands provide?

27. Intertidal Zone Define intertidal zone:
Describe the challenges that organisms undergo in this biome.

28. Coral Reefs What is coral?
How do corals survive in low nutrient water?
Explain coral bleaching.

29. Oceans List the letter and define the zones below _____ Photic zone-
_____ Aphotic zone-
_____ Intertidal zone-
_____Benthic zone -

30. Oligotrophic v. Eutrophic Lakes

31. Oligotrophic v. Eutrophic Lakes

32. Oceans Describe each mechanism as well as where it occurs
Chemosynthesis –
Bioluminescence -