1. Fundamentals of Microbiology Biol 315 Lab 2 Instruments and common chemicals in microbiology, Microscopy, Sterilization techniques

2. Common Instruments Autoclave (121 C, 15 psi) Oven (0-300 C) Incubator (0-120 C) pH Meter Hotplate and Magnetic Stirrer Laminar Flow Cabinet / Biosafety Cabinet

3. AUTOCLAVE

4. http://textbookofbacteriology.net/autoclave1.jpg

5. http://i01.i.aliimg.com/photo/v0/108072579/ Autoclave_Portable_Autoclave_Laboratory_Au toclave_Laboratory_Equipments.jpg

6. http://www.naanolabindia.com/laboratory- instruments/vertical-autoclave.jpg

7. http://www.pharmaceutical- int.com/upload/image_files/articles/images/co mpanies/865/large-capacity-autoclave-b.jpg

8. http://www.theprominex.com/gallery/images/ medical/autoclave.jpg

9. Oven

10. http://2.imimg.com/data2/FU/BT/MY- 2143786/1-250x250.jpg

11. http://images.hellotrade.com/data/T/W/MY- 633236/Hot-Air-Oven---Lab- Model_250x250.jpg

12. http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/baddour/PublishingI mages/hotairoven.jpg

13. INCUBATORS

14. http://www.stuart- equipment.com/adminimages/Incubators_SI50 5_open.jpg

15. http://www.stuart- equipment.com/adminimages/Incubators_SI50 5_closed.jpg

16. http://www.ika.com/ika/product_art/images/3 510000_1.jpg Shaking Incubator

17. pH Meter

18. http://growsetup.files.wordpress.com/2011/02 /3505-ph-meter.jpg

19. Hotplate and magnetic stirrer

20. http://www.labdepotinc.com/admin/uploads/ scilogex-ms-h-s-m-10008-vlarge-r_1.jpg

21. http://www.troemner.com/images/hotplate_st irrers/adv_hps_lge.jpg

22. http://pimg.tradeindia.com/00076902/b/0/La boratories-Magnetic-Stirrer-Hotplate.jpg

23. Biosafety cabinet

24. http://www.terrauniversal.com/gallery/hoods/ Images/biological_safety_cabinet_purifier_Cov er.jpg

25. Class I Cabinets These cabinets have unrecirculated airflow away from the operator that is discharged to the atmosphere after filtration through a HEPA filter. They provide good operator protection but do not protect the material within the cabinet (the product) from contamination.

27. Class II Cabinets Class II cabinets are designed for personnel, product and environmental protection. They are designed for work involving microorganisms in containment levels 2, 3 and 4 laboratories. Class II cabinets are most commonly used in biomedical research laboratories because of their characteristics.

29. http://escoglobal.com/products/images/produ cts-big/1322810342.jpg

30. Class III Cabinets Class III cabinets are totally enclosed and gas- tight with HEPA filtered supply and exhaust air. Work is performed with attached long-sleeved gloves. The cabinet is kept under negative pressure and airflow is maintained by a dedicated exterior exhaust system. Class III cabinets protect the worker and the product. They are designed for work with level 4 pathogens. The exhaust air is double HEPA filtered or treated by HEPA filter and incineration.

31. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/lbg- ldmbl-04/gfx/fig6_e.gif

32. http://doh.sd.gov/img/bsc.jpg

33. http://www.nap.edu/books/0309 075718/xhtml/images/p2000539 5g49001.jpg

34. http://escoglobal.com/products/images/produ cts-big/AC2-D.jpg

35. http://web.princeton.edu/sites/ehs/biosafety/ biosafetypage/BSC2.jpg

36. Chemicals Media (solid and liquid) – Nutrient agar, nutrient broth – EMB agar, MacConkeys agar, Blood agar – Lactose broth Grams staining kit Catalase reagent Oxidase reagent

37. Microscopy Light microscope Photography and video making through microscope using live camera Other kinds of microscopy

38. Grams Staining result

39. http://janiceatmeredith.files.wordpress.com/2 012/01/gramsta.gif

40. THANK YOU