1. American Romanticism
Early 1800’s to 1865

2. We will walk with our own feet. We will work with our own hands
We will walk with our own feet. We will work with our own hands. We will speak our own minds -Ralph Waldo Emerson
What type of values might American Romantics embraced, judging from this quote? Shun industrial progress, disliked factory products, were non comformists

3. Before we look at what Romanticism IS, we have to think about what it IS NOT!
Despite the name of the literary period, Romanticism does not deal with sappy love stories.
THIS IS NOT THE KIND OF LITERATURE THAT WE ARE GOING TO STUDY!

4. So what IS Romanticism?
Romanticism is the name for the literary period that followed the Age of Reason (The Revolutionary Period) in America.
Due to the fact that the country was now established, writers moved their focus away from political matters and revolutionary governmental ideas, and began to focus on other aspects of life (emotions, possibilities, imagination etc…)

5. Characteristics of American Romanticism
Values feeling and intuition over reason
Places faith in inner experience and the power of the imagination
Shuns the artificiality of civilization and seeks unspoiled nature
Prefers youthful innocence to educated sophistication
Champions individual freedom and the worth of the individual
Contemplates nature’s beauty as a path to spiritual and moral development
What would have been the subjects of painters of American Romanticism? What might be the topics of writing? Painters- wild landscapes, ominous skies, ancient ruins, rustic scenes

6. Characteristics (continued)
Looks backward to the wisdom of the past and distrusts progress
Finds beauty and truth in exotic locals, the supernatural realm, and the inner world of the imagination
Embraced the antique;nature was an instrument of instruction and delight for the soul

7. A sample of American Romantic art- note the wild landscape, no hint of civilization and ominous clouds.
A sample of American Romantic art- note the wild landscape, no hint of civilization. Ominous clouds

8. Types of literature prevalent in Romanticism…
Short stories
Novels
Poetry
Essays

9. Elements of Romanticism
Frontier: vast expanse, freedom, no geographic limitations.
Optimism: greater than in Europe because of the presence of frontier.
Experimentation: in science, in institutions.
Mingling of races: immigrants in large numbers arrive to the US.
Growth of industrialization: polarization of north and south; north becomes industrialized, south remains agricultural.

10. Romantic Subject Matter
The quest for beauty and does not tell people how to live their lives
Escapism - from American problems. The use of the far-away and non-normal
Interest in external nature - for itself, for beauty:
Nature as source for the knowledge of the primitive.
Nature as refuge.
Nature as revelation of God to the individual.

11. Romantic Techniques Remoteness of settings in time and space.
Improbable plots.
Inadequate or unlikely characterization.
Socially "harmful morality;" a world of "lies."
Organic principle in writing: form rises out of content, non-formal.

12. Representative writers
William Cullen Bryant
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
DARK ROMANTICS
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Herman Melville
Edgar Allan Poe

13. BIG PICTURE.
Romantic VIEW OF MAN: Focus on the individual and his inner world (imagination and emotions).

14. BIG PICTURE
Romantic VIEW OF NATURE: Nature is beautiful, mysterious, and symbolic. God can be seen in nature.

15. BIG PICTURE
Romantic GUIDE TO TRUTH: Intuition (inner voice or gut feeling) and imagination guides each individual to understanding.

16. Dark Romanticism or American Gothic
Edgar Allen Poe with Hawthorne and Melville known as anti-Transcendentalists or Dark Romantics
Had much in common with Transcendentalists
Explored conflicts between good and evil, psychological effects of guilt and sin, and madness
Known as anti- T because of their pessimism
Like the T’s, they valued intuition over logic and reason

17. Dark
Romanticists
Herman Melville
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Edgar Allan Poe

18. Father of American Literature
Washington Irving (pseudonym. Real Name is Diedrich Knickerbocker ( )
Proved that memorable fiction could feature both American settings and types
Became the first American writer to achieve an international reputation

19. “The Devil and Tom Walker”
Satirized hypocritical Puritans who used their social standing to gain wealth
Made it distinctly American by setting it in New England in 1727
This is when the Puritan belief that life should be devoted to God was being placed by materialism

20. Father of the American Short Story
Edgar Allen Poe
He insisted the short story was a legitimate form of literature, not just the novel
This caused the rise of short stories

21. Rules of the Short Story
Established by Poe
The effect of the work is the most important
If the first line does not achieve an effect, the story is no good
Every detail should contribute to the effect
There should be one single effect in a short story
It should be read in one sitting because if distracted by everyday life, the unified effect cannot be achieved