1. SAP - Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)
4/1/2017

2. Process-Based Enterprise Logic
4/1/2017

3. Data Flow Logic
4/1/2017

4. Procurement Process Example
In the procurement process, there may be different business partners for different roles in the transaction. These partner roles are defined in vendor master data
Ordering
Address
Invoice
Presented By
Vendor
Goods
Supplier
Payment
Received By
4/1/2017

5. Procurement Process Customer Vendor Purchase Requisition Purchase
Order
Internal
Demand
Goods
Receipt
Invoice
Receipt
Pay
Invoice
4/1/2017

6. Material Master Data
An advantage of the SAP system is that it maintains one set of data in real time. Material data is used by many functional areas.
With non-integrated systems, each system may contain material data, and this data is not always consistent. In the SAP system, the data is consistently correct or incorrect.
Material Master data is organized by Views. Depending on the type of material, only certain views need to be used. As the system is configured, additional views can be added as necessary.
4/1/2017

7. Material Master Views General Plant Data/Storage 1
Warehouse Management 1
Warehouse Management 2
Quality Management
Accounting 1
Accounting 2
Costing 1
Costing 2
Basic Data 1
Basic Data 2
Classification
Sales: Sales Org Data 1
Sales: Sales Org Data 2
Sales: General/Plant Data
Foreign Trade: Export Data
Sales Text
Purchasing
MRP 1
MRP 2
MRP 3
MRP 4
Forecasting
Work Scheduling
Basic Data, Classification are
not plant-specific
Other views are plant-specific
4/1/2017

8. Material Master Views NRG-A Bars Basic Data View Plant 1000 Plant 2000
Base unit: CS
Gross wt: 72 lb.
Basic
Data
View
Non-plant specific
Plant specific
Plant 1000
Plant 2000
NRG-A Bars
Lead Time: 2 days
Std. Price:
NRG-A Bars
Lead Time: 3 days
Std. Price:
MRP
Views
4/1/2017

9. Purchasing Process Create Purchase Requisition
Where analysis/vendor selection occurs
Create Purchase Order from Requisition
Requisition items can be used to generate multiple purchase orders
Create Goods Receipt
Create Invoice Receipt
Post Outgoing Payment
Unfortunately, there is no purchasing “document flow” (BT: why not?  )
4/1/2017

10. Sales & Credit Management Example
Credit Management is a cross-functional activity between SD and FI SD FI C R E D I T
Sales
People
want to
sell FI
People
want to
reduce
risk
Credit is an independent function
in the SAP R/3 system

11. Credit/Risk Process
Credit Management
SD, FI
Cust: Health Express
Risk: Medium
Credit Limit: $10,000
Ttl. Commit: $6,000
Order: 5923
Order Amount: $5,000
Credit Limit Exceeded
Block order
to credit rep. (opt.)
Blocked document list
or (opt.)
Review situation
Release order
Pick, pack & ship order
Bill Customer
Credit control (blocks) can be applied at order entry,
delivery creation or goods issue

12. Static vs. Dynamic Checks
Credit Limit
Open
order
Open
order
Open
order
Open
order
Open
order
Open
order
Dynamic Check
Open
delivery value
Open
delivery value
Receivables
Receivables
Static Check
Credit Horizon

13. Decentralized Credit Management
Credit Control Area 1
Company Code 1
Sales Org.1
Health Express
Limit: $50,000
Credit Control Area 2
Company Code 2
Sales Org.2
Health Express
Limit: $100,000
Each company code sets and monitors a credit limit independently

14. Centralized Credit Management
Credit Control Area 1
Sales Org.1
Sales Org.2
Company Code 1
Company Code 2
Health Express
Health Express
Limit: $150,000
Transactions with each company code apply to the single credit limit set for the single credit control area

15. Exchange Rates Credit Control Area 1 Currency: USD Company Code 1
Currency: EU
Sales Org.1
Sales Org.2
Health Express
Health Express
Limit: $150,000
Receivables for Company Code 2 are converted from Euros to US Dollars when credit is checked

16. Automatic Credit Control
Determine points at which credit check is carried out (order creation, delivery creation or goods issue)
Determine type of check
Based on:
Credit control area
Risk category
Document (credit group)

17. Automatic Credit Control
Sales
organization
Company
Code
Credit
Control Area
Customer
Risk
Category
Transaction
Type
Credit group
When Credit is Checked
Why Credit is Checked
What the system does (warning, error)
As of release 4.0, Credit
control area can also be
Determined via:
user exits
payer
sales area