1. Grammar
Chapter 3A

2. Ud. Uds. Commands (Affirmative)
Examples:
Step by step:
Infinitive
Yo form
Stem
Ud. Form
Uds. Form
Hablar
Hablo
Habl-
Hable
Hablen
Comer
Como
Com-
Coma
Coman
Escribir
Escribo
Escrib-
Escriba
Escriban
Cerrar
Cierro
Cierr-
Cierre
Cierren
Volver
Vuelvo
Vuelv-
Vuelva
Vuelvan
Seguir
Sigo
Sig-
Siga
sigan
Conjugate verb to present-tense yo form.
Drop the-o at the end of the verb.
Replace with –e (in –ar verbs) or –a (for –er and –ir verbs)
To make in the Uds. Form add an –N to the end.

3. Irregulars Infinitive Ud. form Uds. Form Dar Dé Den Estar Esté Estén
Vaya
Vayan
Saber
Sepa
Sepan
Ser
Sea
sean

4. Nosotros Commands Examples Step by step
Conjugate infinitive to the present tense yo form
Drop the –o at the end of the verb
Replace –o with –emos for –ar verbs and –amos for –er and –ir verbs
* Stem changing verbs do not change in command form
Infinitive
Yo form
Nosotros form
Hablar
Hablo
Hablemos
Comer
Como
Comamos
Escribir
Escribo
Escribamos
Cerrar
Cierro
Cerremos
Volver
Vuelvo
Volvamos

5. Negative Commands
To form a negative Ud. ,Uds, or nosotros command you keep the affirmative form and place “no” in front of it.
One exception to the rule is the nosotros form of “ir” :
Vamos -> No Vayamos

6. Saber and Conocer Used when talking about facts that someone may know.
When talking about if a person it familiar with a person place or thing
* Use personal “a” when talking about people

7. END