Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)
PCI Bus Variants PCI Bus Variants PCI-X Bus PCI Express Bus Variants for Portable Computers Variants for Industrial Systems 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

Variants for Portable Computers
Mini PCI PCMCIA Standards CardBus ExpressCard 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

Mini PCI (1) Specifications added to PCI version 2.2 Standard for peripherals of mobile devices: modems, network cards, sound cards, disk controllers, cryptographic accelerators Defines an expansion card with small size → functionally equivalent to a common PCI card Uses a 32-bit, 33-MHz PCI bus 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

Mini PCI (2) Power connections: 3.3 V Maximum power consumption of the cards: 2 W The additional CLKRUN# signal has been included Enables to start and stop the bus clock for power management purposes Form factors: Type I, Type II, Type III 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

Mini PCI (3) Type I: 70 x 45 mm, height of 5.5 or 7.5 mm Stacking connector, 100 pins Type II: 78 x 45 mm, height of 5.5 or 17.5 mm Have RJ11 or RJ45 connectors mounted Type III: 60 x 50 mm, height of 2.4 mm Edge connector, 124 pins 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

Mini PCI (4) Mini PCI Express (Mini PCIe) Based on the PCIe bus (x1) Reduced size: 30 x 51 mm Half-length card: 30 x 27 mm Edge connector, 52 pins Connections for the SMBus and USB 2.0 buses, LEDs, SIM card (GSM applications) Extension for another PCIe lane Power connections: 1.5 V and 3.3 V 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

Mini PCI (5) 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

PCMCIA Standards (1) Several standards developed by PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) Compatible with standards developed by JEITA (Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association) The first standards: PCMCIA 1.0, 2.0, 2.1 The succeeding standards: PC Card 5.0, … , PC Card 8.0 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

PCMCIA Standards (2) Initially, the standards have been developed only for memories Later on, the standards have been extended for various peripherals The expansion cards can be inserted and removed during operation The first cards: PC Card  no longer used Interface based on the ISA bus (16 bits) 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

PCMCIA Standards (3) Example applications Memory card adapters (SD, MMC, CompactFlash, MemoryStick, etc.) Ethernet network adapters Wireless network adapters Digital cameras GPS (Global Positioning System) cards Security devices Hard disk drives 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

CardBus (1) Expansion cards introduced in version 5.0 of the PC Card standard Based on the PCI bus Functionally equivalent to a 32-bit PCI system (33 MHz) Improvements to PC Card: The possibility of bus mastering  DMA Lower voltage (3.3 V) A new digital audio mode using pulse width modulation (PWM) 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

CardBus (2) The software architecture is the same as for PC Card Socket Services Card Services CardBus cards must consume a limited current until they are configured Read the information from the CIS (Card Information Structure) Determine the voltage and electrical protocol needed 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

CardBus (3) The possibility of multi-function cards (up to 8 functions) 68-pin connector (2 x 34) Card dimensions: 85.6 x 54 mm Three card types, based on their thickness: Type I: 3.3 mm  memories Type II: 5 mm  various peripherals Type III: 10.5 mm  hard drives 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

CardBus (4) 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

ExpressCard (1) Replaced the CardBus cards Higher performance Smaller size Lower costs Uses the PCI Express or USB serial bus Eliminates the CardBus controller Direct connections to PCI Express or USB ports of the computer 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

ExpressCard (2) ExpressCard modules Length of 75 mm, thickness of 5 mm ExpressCard/34: width of 34 mm ExpressCard/54: width of 54 mm For both module types, the same connector is used  26 pins Blade contacts located on the ExpressCard module Designed for high reliability and durability 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

ExpressCard (3) 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

ExpressCard (4) The interface PCI Express: one lane (x1); 2.5 Gbits/s in both directions USB: the speeds defined by the USB 2.0 specification (1.5 Mbits/s; 12 Mbits/s; 480 Mbits/s) A module may use one or both interfaces Two signals for an SMBus (System Management Bus) serial bus 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

ExpressCard (5) Other features The possibility to insert and remove the modules during operation (“hot plug”) Uses the auto-detection and configuration capabilities of PCI Express and USB buses Modules can be placed in very low power states  detect and respond to wakeup requests 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

PCI Bus Variants PCI Bus Variants PCI-X Bus PCI Express Bus Variants for Portable Computers Variants for Industrial Systems 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

Variants for Industrial Systems
PCI-104 PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104 PMC Mezzanine Card XMC Mezzanine Card CompactPCI 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

Variants for Industrial Systems (1)
Applications: military, telecommunications, automation Requirements: reliability, simple maintenance Desktop computers: Expansion cards inserted in connectors with blades Active backplanes are used In an industrial or military environment, the backplane is exposed to mechanical stress 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

Variants for Industrial Systems (2)
High reliability: Connectors with metallic pins and sockets Front panels for fastening, guidance Passive backplanes – only connectors Simple maintenance: Short time required for repairs – failures of passive backplanes are rare Simple board replacement Commonly, the VME bus is used 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

PCI-104 (1) Standard developed by the PC/104 Consortium, Intended for systems operating in industrial environments Specifies a board with dimensions of 90 x 96 mm that uses the PCI bus Based on the previous PC/104 and PC/104-Plus standards 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

PCI-104 (2) PC/104 The ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) bus has been used PC/104-Plus A connector for the PCI bus (32 bits, 33 MHz) has been added PCI-104 boards contain only the PCI connector Several PCI-104 boards can be stacked together to build more complex systems 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

PCI-104 (3) 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

PCI-104 (4) A stack of boards must contain at least one CPU board The stack may contain PC/104, PC/104-Plus, and PCI-104 boards Maximum 4 peripheral boards  due to PCI specifications Peripheral PC/104-Plus and PCI-104 boards must connect to the same side of the CPU board 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

PCI-104 (5) 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

PCI-104 (6) Advantages: Compact size High-reliability connectors → metallic pins and sockets Applications: Communication equipments Medical instruments Industrial control systems Robotics 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

PCI/104-Express and PCIe/104 (1)
Specifications developed by the PC/104 Consortium PCI/104-Express One PCIe bus (x16) and one PCI bus PCIe/104 Does not contain the PCI bus Two types for the PCIe/104 boards: Type 1 and Type 2 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

Common features of Type 1 and Type 2 Four x1 PCIe links Two USB 2.0 interfaces Power signals: +3.3 V; +5 V; +12 V SMBus Type 1 One x16 PCIe link  may be configured as two x8 PCIe links or two x4 PCIe links 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

Type 2 Two x4 PCIe links Two USB 3.0 interfaces Two SATA (Serial ATA) interfaces LPC (Low Pin Count) bus  connecting low-speed peripherals to the CPU Battery for a real-time clock (RTC) PCIe x1, PCIe x4, or USB 2.0 peripheral boards can plug into either CPU boards 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

PMC Mezzanine Card (1) Placed in a plane parallel to the motherboard Does not need an additional connector on the motherboard The aim: Extending the functions of the motherboard when there is not enough space Extending a motherboard with specific I/O functions The Common Mezzanine Card (CMC) standard, IEEE 1386 For the VME, Multibus II buses 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

PMC Mezzanine Card (2) Includes the standard for the PCI Mezzanine Card (PMC), IEEE PMC specifies a PCI card connected to a CPU card (usually, VME) A double PMC card or two single PMC cards can be attached in parallel to a VME card The PMC cards allow a configuration requiring reduced space The VME bus is not replaced 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

PMC Mezzanine Card (3) PMC cards mounted on a VME64 card 10/31/2013
Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

PMC Mezzanine Card (4) Mezzanine connectors Up to four connectors on a PMC card The most used: 64-pin connectors P1 and P2: 32-bit PCI signals P3: 64-bit PCI signals P4 (optional): I/O signals Kinds of PMC mezzanine cards Processors; graphics cards; memory cards; I/O interface cards 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

PMC Mezzanine Card (5) PMC graphics card
© Concurrent Technologies Plc, Concurrent Technologies Inc. 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

XMC Mezzanine Card (1) Standard developed by VITA (VME International Trade Association) VITA 42.0 standard: base specification The mezzanine PMC card is extended with new connectors for serial interfaces P11 .. P14: same connectors as the P1 .. P4 connectors of the PMC mezzanine card P15, P16: high-density connectors (114 pins) for serial interconnections 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

XMC Mezzanine Card (2) The P15, P16 connectors contain: Pins for 10 differential signal pairs for each direction The P16 connector also contains user-defined I/O pins  various interfaces The base specification does not indicate protocols, signal types, voltage levels VITA 42.3: PCI Express VITA 42.4: HyperTransport 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

CompactPCI (1) Standard developed by the PICMG group (PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group), Intended to replace the VME bus with the PCI bus Most of the industrial applications employed the VME bus The Eurocard form factor has been combined with the PCI bus → open industrial standard 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

CompactPCI (2) A 32-bit or a 64-bit PCI bus may be used 3U Eurocard boards: One connector for the 32-bit PCI bus (J1) An optional connector (J2) for the 64-bit PCI bus or user-defined I/O pins 6U Eurocard boards: J1 and J2 connectors Up to three additional connectors for I/O pins 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

CompactPCI (3) Up to 7 expansion boards may be connected, without using a bridge High-quality connectors: pins-and-sockets, 110 pins, 2 mm step A large number of ground pins The boards are typically interconnected via a passive backplane Retained on all sides Oriented vertically 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

CompactPCI (4) 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

CompactPCI (5) 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

CompactPCI (6) Extensions of the CompactPCI standard PICMG 2.1 Support for board insertion and removal during operation (Hot Swap) PICMG 2.5 Computer telephony applications Auxiliary bus for TDM (Time Domain Multiplex) data transfer PICMG 2.16 Inter-module communication via Ethernet 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

CompactPCI (7) CompactPCI Express: uses one PCIe bus CompactPCI Serial Star topology: serial point-to-point connections One system board, up to 8 peripheral boards New connectors for high data rates PCIe bus: up to 16 lanes Serial ATA (SATA) interface USB interface: 2.0 or 3.0 Ethernet interface: 10 Gbits/s 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

CompactPCI (8) Advantages: The same chips and software modules are used as for the desktop PCI (PCIe) systems The PCI (PCIe) chips have low cost Applications: Industrial automation Real-time control and data acquisition systems Military systems 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

Summary (1) Mini PCI and CardBus expansion cards use a parallel PCI bus (32 bits) Mini PCI Express cards have replaced the parallel PCI bus with the serial PCI bus Express Card has replaced CardBus The cards may use the PCIe or USB bus The boards for industrial systems must have high reliability and must enable simple maintenance 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

Summary (2) The PCI-104 and PCIe/104 boards have compact size and may be stacked without a backplane The PMC and XMC mezzanine cards enable a simple and efficient expansion of a CPU card The CompactPCI boards allow to replace the VME bus with the PCI bus Use the standard Eurocard format The CompactPCI Serial boards can use various types of serial interfaces 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

Concepts, Knowledge Features of Mini PCI Features of Mini PCI Express Features of CardBus Advantages of ExpressCard Features of ExpressCard Features of PCI-104 boards Features of PMC and XMC mezzanine cards Features of CompactPCI boards Features of CompactPCI Serial boards 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

Questions What are the main features of ExpressCard modules? What are the main requirements of systems intended for industrial applications? What are the techniques used by CompactPCI cards to increase the number of cards connected to the backplane? 10/31/2013 Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

Input/Output Systems and Peripheral Devices (03-3)

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