1. Feedback A Comprehensive Review by Joel Lewis & Pat Lombard

2. What is Feedback? Feedback is a channel used to communicate problems, retention, positive and negative comments to improve instruction from the designers and learners approach.

3. Why is Feedback Important? Necessary to identify the performance or learning gap Identification of problems When contributed can add to the quality of instruction Increases self-regulated learning

4. Contributors to Feedback E. L. Thordike - The Law of Effect Sidney Pressey – Teaching Machines B. F. Skinner – Programmed Instruction

5. Instructional Design Implications Incorporate the appropriate type of feedback into the instruction Receive feedback from subject matter experts, instructional designers, and users Elicit feedback that correlates with the content provided in the instruction

6. Elements of the Dick and Carey Model & Source of Feedback Instructional Goals/ Instructional Materials– Stakeholders Instructional Analysis-Subject Matter Expert Entry behaviors – Users (surveys)

7. Elements of the Dick and Carey Model & Source of Feedback Performance objectives / Tests – Instructional Designers Formative Evaluation – Learners Summative Evaluation – Learners

8. Specific Ways the Dick & Carey Model is Incorporated: Feedback is a major component in the Dick & Carey Model. It is an extremely important part of the educational experience when the medium of instruction does not consist of real-time face-to-face human interaction. By receiving and acting on feedback from formative and summative evaluation (feedback) a system can fill the gap between what is taught and what is learned. Feedback helps the designer and learner to identify problems in the learner arena. Feedback helps to examine the success of the learner in achieving the goals and objectives. Feedback allows for timely intervention when problems occur, and it can also help with the formative evaluation of a product.

9. Associated Websites http://developer.apple.com/techpub s/macosx/Essentials/AquaHIGuidelin es/AHIGHIGs/Feedback_an_mmunic ation.html http://developer.apple.com/techpub s/macosx/Essentials/AquaHIGuidelin es/AHIGHIGs/Feedback_an_mmunic ation.html http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/school s/sandburg/communicate.html http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/school s/sandburg/communicate.html http://www.tageducation.org/aol/fe edback.htm

10. Associated Websites http://class.ee.iastate.edu/nelia/qua nti.htm http://class.ee.iastate.edu/nelia/qua nti.htm http://www.realestatemadeeasy.co m/feedback.htm

11. Associated Books Classroom instruction that works : research-based strategies for increasing student achievement / Robert J. Marzano, Debra J. Pickering, Jane E. Pollock. Performance in a haptic environment / Brian Joseph Holbert. Techniques and strategies for interpreting student evaluations / Karron G. Lewis, editor.

12. Associated Books Policy dynamics / edited by Frank R. Baumgartner and Bryan D. Jones. LSAT 2002 : teacher tested stategies and techniques for scoring high / Thomas H. Martinson.

13. A Twist on Feedback As Instructional Designers, what percentage of our lives is based on feedback? Approximately 90% our our daily activities include incorporating, eliciting, or evaluating feedback. Since this area is so important to the quality of instruction, we should be very familiar with the various approaches and types of feedback in educational settings.