1. Telephone Power Dependency Do your phones work when the lights go out?

2. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS2 In the old days… Your dial tone came from the Telephone company Central Office (CO). The old telephone ran on voltage that came from huge batteries in the CO. The batteries were kept charged by either the power company or huge generators with weeks of fuel.

3. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS3 Now Todays technology comes with a price… electricity. Now we need to provide power to our phones, our phone systems And to the equipment that makes fiber optic networks possible.

4. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS4 Low Tech Solution First the easy solution to the big problem Educate the Public to get a simple or old phone in the house. Does your phone have a display? Answering machine? Cordless? It has a second cord that goes to an electrical outlet. When the lights go out, these phones die.

5. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS5 Excuses I have a generator Will you be able to call for help if it doesnt start? How will you call for the Fire Department if it catches fire? How many days of fuel will you have available? Will you run it 24/7?

6. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS6 Excuses I have a cell phone How will you be charging it? Will the towers survive?

7. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS7 Message: Have at least one simple phone in the house. Add this to your agencys home disaster inventory list. ( and take the analog TV OFF the list… HDTV and EM http://rayvaughan.com/HDTV&EM.htm ) HDTV and EM http://rayvaughan.com/HDTV&EM.htm

8. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS8 Harder Problems to fix The next problem doesnt have such an easy fix.

9. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS9 See the Light Fiber Optic technology allows for huge amounts of voice and data over many miles on a hair-thin piece of glass. BUT, Glass conducts light, not power. Something has to convert the digital light signals back into analog electrical signals. This conversion requires sophisticated electronic equipment that needs power.

10. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS10 Remote Terminals Covert Fiber Optic signals to regular phone lines Powered by the local power utility 4 to 8 hours of battery power Usually no backup power source on site Sometimes called SLC, Subscriber Loop Carrier

11. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS11 Is this really a problem? If there is a long (>4 hours) power outage who will be effected? Everyone. Calling 911 will be impossible. You. Your Public Safety Facility may be out of service. Cellular Sites are interconnected with circuits fed by the same RTs

12. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS12 Wilma

13. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS13 War Stories Hurricane Wilma October 2005 South Florida Weak Category 2 hurricane $20.6 Billion in damage 36 deaths in Florida Wide area but minimal flooding Complete power failure in South Florida 3,241,000 customers, 6,000,000 people without power Weeks to restore power to many areas

14. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS14 How Bad was it? http://ngs.woc.noaa. gov/storms/wilma/30 112791.jpg http://ngs.woc.noaa. gov/storms/wilma/30 112791.jpg Photos by NOAA

15. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS15 Communication Failure As I had predicted, we had major communication failures. The area effected by Wilma was so wide, resources available in the area were overwhelmed.

16. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS16 Fire Stations Our generators came on VoIP phones, delivered by T1, ran until the RT died Backup Hotline/Fax Line also on RT Last resort: UHF Public Safety Radio System Conventional, Simplex available No common points of failure

17. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS17 K&B Radio Site Hub site for South end of the County T1s to dispatch, other sites failed Site in In-Cabinet Mode, 1 RX, 1 TX Long RT failure Portable generator set up Fuel shortage Misconnection

18. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS18

19. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS19

20. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS20 Outage Time Line Event Power outage 4 hour countdown starts End of wind event, earthquake Batteries start to die No communication Generators arrive Fuel shortages

21. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS21 Katrina Facts Estimates of the damage: Initially over 1.75 million people without phone service 131 Central office effected and 19 of them either destroyed or heavily damaged, serving a total of 187,000 lines. Cost to restore/replace: $400-500 million Data and Photo Source: The Central OfficeThe Central Office

22. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS22

23. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS23

24. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS24

25. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS25

26. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS26 Verizon Central Office, WTC

27. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS27 Verizon Central Office, WTC

28. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS28 Verizon Central Office, WTC

29. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS29 Verizon Central Office, WTC

30. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS30 Verizon Central Office, WTC

31. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS31 Action Items Establish a working relationship with your telco technical expert Identify your critical locations Sorry, theyre not ALL critical How will a Telcom outage effect your process? Whats convenient and whats mandatory? Define backup systems Public Safety Radio

32. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS32 Action Items 2 Start with your most critical. Ask: Where do these lines/circuits need power to operate? Your end. You better trust your own power The CO. Batteries, large generators. Your concern: the everywhere else Is there an automatic generator at each? Home-Run to CO? Or in a loop?

33. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS33 Take a look Learn what to look for Identify the RTs in your area Look for generators Ask questions Your regular Telco Tech is a great resource for how things really are

34. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS34 Types of RTs Above Ground Underground Flooding? In-Building In someone elses building Worst case. You depend on their planning and survival.

35. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS35 Clues that its a RT Power Meter Hum or fan noise Thick cables radiating out Frequent Telco Trunks parking Address or RT ID stickers

36. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS36

37. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS37

38. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS38

39. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS39 On-Site RT The best solution is to have your RT in your facility You provide the primary power You provide the security Verify fiber route Route redundancy Make sure you trust everyone in your loop

40. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS40 Case Study K&B Radio Site Now has an on-site RT Independent of area RT On our generator Redundant fiber routes to CO

41. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS41

42. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS42 Single Points of Failure Better to have multiple: Remote Terminals Generators Fibers and Fiber routes Copper circuits (if close enough to CO) Communication Companies

43. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS43 Generators Subject to barometric pressure failure during storms Over/Underspeed due to wind Water in air intake Projectile damage Check the oil change frequency Oil & Filters on site Downtime for changes

44. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS44

45. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS45 Flooding Many RTs and other Telecom facilities in Katrina were flooded. Fiber can be underwater Equipment cant be. Identify any critical systems in your system that need to be moved higher Even a CO can be at risk of flooding

46. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS46 Terrorist Targets? RTs could be an easy target for anyone wanting to effect communication in an area. Most are easy to spot when you know what youre looking for. Exposed fiber, cables, power Even simple vandalism at an RT can put you out of service.

47. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS47 Monitoring Your Telco should monitor every RT Investigate every alarm, even open doors Roll generator when AC power fails Not when batteries fail

48. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS48 Regulators: Require permanent, automatic generators for all new RTs Encourage RT clustering Require response levels Ratios of portable Generators to RTs Phase out RTs without automatic power backup Mandate in-building RTs for all Public Safety buildings

49. WCDM - July 10, 2007Ray J. Vaughan, MS49 More Information My information site about Powering and Remote Terminals: TelephoneFailure.com