4. Safety Topics Tire Safety How long does it take to be safe? Accidents happen in a matter of seconds! Rim Maintenance Lock ring; the most important component of the wheel/rim Proper fitment is a MUST! Tire Maintenance Tire pressure; biggest single factor affecting tire performance

5. Safety Share Always use proper techniques before re- inflation or adding air to tires

6. Serviceman Qualifications and Training (A) MSHA Training (B) TIA Training (C) Classes Basic Safety Does the serviceman follow these basic safety practices: (1) Wearing PPE – safety shoes, eye protection, hard hat, etc. (2) Wheel chocking (3) Locking out equipment (4) Proper cribbing or jack stands (5) Proper use of outriggers Are proper tools used at the job site: (1) Jacks, air guns, rams, etc. Does the serviceman come prepared to the job site with proper spare parts: (1) O rings, valve hardware, spare wheel parts, etc.

7. 46.14104 Tire Repairs (A) Before a tire is removed from a vehicle for tire repair, the valve core shall be partially removed to allow for gradual deflation and then removed. During deflation, to the extent possible, persons shall stand outside of the potential trajectory of the lock ring of a multi piece wheel rim. (B) To prevent injury from wheel rims during tire inflation, one of the following shall be used: (1) A wheel cage or other restraining device that will constrain all wheel rim components during an explosive separation of a multi-piece wheel rim, on during the sudden release of contained air in a single piece rim; or (2) A stand-off inflation device which permits persons to stand outside of the potential trajectory of wheel components.

8. Cribbing the Truck

9. Proper Bolting of Lug Nuts Make sure the boom is securing the tire and rim

10. Stand-off Inflation

11. A Tire/Rim assembly is a pressure vessel It must: be strong be durable be flexible transmit torque change vehicle direction offer low rolling resistance be cheap and last forever

12. Every time a tire is removed from a wheel or rim, there should be a complete inspection to look for factors that would make the rim unsafe or unusable.

13. Breaking Down the Bead Seat Band

14. Cleaning the Rim Base

15. Cleaning the Wheel Components

16. Earthmover 5 Piece Wheel 123 4 5 1 2 3 5 6 6 O-Ring Groove 4 1 Rim Base 2 Inside Flange 3 Outside Flange 4 Bead Seat Band 5 Lock Ring 6 O-Ring

17. Most important component of the rim Solely contain the air pressure in the tire/assembly Over 50% of wheel-related fatalities are related to: Improper use Fitment Installation errors

19. Two Piece Lock Ring with Bolted Connection – Possible Future State

20. Wide variety of wheels and rims Insure correct parts are used together

22. Flange Cracking Before rim inspection, insure that it is clean Servicemen put too much emphasis on speed Allow time for proper cleaning of all dirt, rust, etc. Allow time for proper inspection before putting the tire back in service

23. Bead Seat Band Rim base is corroded and worn Tire Life should have been used to eliminate rusting Use of this rim in this condition will lead to improper fitting and other problems.

24. Flanges Flange on the right is worn and unusable Use could lead to tire failure in the sidewall Use of proper height flanges gives proper amount of deflection

25. Back Section Fractures Gutter Section and Bead Seat Fractures

26. Flange Fractures Bead Seat Band Fractures

27. Missing the Driver Block

28. Results of Missing the Driver Block

29. Lubing the Beads

31. Improper Mount

32. Correct pressure is the single biggest factor affecting performance Different manufacturers have different pressure recommendations for a given application Pressure maintenance should be as important as checking the oil Calibrated gauges are essential

33. Damages Related to Over-Inflation 115 Psi 95 Psi

34. Damages Related to Over-Inflation Tread cuts & Chunking View under tread Not Over-inflated Over-inflated Cuts through tread x3

35. Damages Related to Over-Inflation Tread cuts & Chunking View under 2 nd protection ply 95 Ply 115Ply Rupture of 1 st protection ply x3

36. Damages Related to Over-Inflation Reduced Impact/Puncture Resistance

37. Damages Related to Over-Deflection Cracks in the Bead Area

38. Control of deflection in the tire is important Bead and sidewall damages increase with over deflection Heat build up increases with over deflection Over inflation creates problems with tread/crown area