1. SLEEP AND REST

2. Definitions Rest: is a condition in which the body is in a decreased state of activity without emotional stress and freedom from anxiety. Rest: is a condition in which the body is in a decreased state of activity without emotional stress and freedom from anxiety. Sleep: is a state of rest accompanied of altered level of consciousness and relative inactivity, and perception to environment are decreased. Sleep: is a state of rest accompanied of altered level of consciousness and relative inactivity, and perception to environment are decreased.

3. Adequate rest and sleep are important in: Promoting general health. Promoting general health. Ensuring recovery from illness. Ensuring recovery from illness. Aid healing process. Aid healing process. Increase ability to learn and concentration and recalling know lodge. Increase ability to learn and concentration and recalling know lodge. Help person to be socially adaptable. Help person to be socially adaptable.

4. Sleep and rest disturbance will be imply: Irritable, anxiety and stress. Irritable, anxiety and stress. Fatigue. Fatigue. Reduce work optimally Reduce work optimally Seek assistance from physician. Seek assistance from physician. Poor concentration. Poor concentration. Difficulty making decisions. Difficulty making decisions.

5. Normal sleep patterns and requirements: Newborn: 16-18 hours /day Newborn: 16-18 hours /day Infants: some 22 hours, and others from 12-14 Infants: some 22 hours, and others from 12-14 Toddlers: 10-12 hours Toddlers: 10-12 hours Preschool: 11-12 hours Preschool: 11-12 hours School-Age: 8- 12 hours School-Age: 8- 12 hours Adolescents: 8-10 hours Adolescents: 8-10 hours Adult: 6-8 hours Adult: 6-8 hours Elders: 6 hours Elders: 6 hours

6. Factors Affecting Sleep Developmental considerations Developmental considerations Psychological stress Psychological stress Motivation Motivation Culture Culture Lifestyle and habits Lifestyle and habits Physical activity and exercise Physical activity and exercise Dietary habits Dietary habits Environmental factors Environmental factors Illness Illness Medications Medications

7. Classification of Sleep Disorders Dyssomnias characterized by insomnia or excessive sleepiness Dyssomnias characterized by insomnia or excessive sleepiness Parasomnias patterns of waking behavior that appear during sleep Parasomnias patterns of waking behavior that appear during sleep Sleep disorders associated with medical or psychiatric disorders Sleep disorders associated with medical or psychiatric disorders Other proposed disorders Other proposed disorders

8. Dyssomnias Insomnia: difficulty falling asleep Insomnia: difficulty falling asleep Hypersomnia: excessive sleep Hypersomnia: excessive sleep Narcolepsy: uncontrollable desire to sleep Narcolepsy: uncontrollable desire to sleep Sleep apnea: absence of breathing between snoring intervals Sleep apnea: absence of breathing between snoring intervals Restless leg syndrome Restless leg syndrome Sleep deprivation Sleep deprivation

9. Parasomnias Somnambulism: sleep walking Somnambulism: sleep walking Sleep talking Sleep talking Nocturnal erections Nocturnal erections Bruxism: grinding of teeth during sleeping Bruxism: grinding of teeth during sleeping Enuresis Enuresis Sleep-related eating disorder Sleep-related eating disorder

10. Treatment for dyssomnias Pharmologic therapy Pharmologic therapy –Sedatives and hypnotics Nonpharmacologic therapy Nonpharmacologic therapy –Stimulus control –Sleep restriction –Sleep hygiene –Cognitive therapy –Multicomponent therapy –Relaxation therapy

11. Nursing Interventions to Promote Sleep Prepare a restful environment Prepare a restful environment Promote bedtime rituals Promote bedtime rituals Offer appropriate bedtime snacks and beverages Offer appropriate bedtime snacks and beverages Promote relaxation and comfort Promote relaxation and comfort Use night light Use night light Provide privacy Provide privacy Schedule nursing care to avoid disturbances Schedule nursing care to avoid disturbances Use medications to produce sleep Use medications to produce sleep Encourage patient to void before sleep Encourage patient to void before sleep Remove any irritants against patients skin such as moist or wrinkled sheets Remove any irritants against patients skin such as moist or wrinkled sheets