1. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/1 Demand Side Management Need, Concept & Scenario R.N. Pandya Sr. Project Executive (EC) Gujarat Energy Development Agency

2. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/2 What is DSM? DSM means – Demand Side Management In terms of Energy supply & demand – DSM means managing energy demand within the limits of energy supply by reduction of energy demand using efficient techniques & technologies. With particular reference to electricity demand & supply fluctuations occur within a cycle of 24 hours as also during 12 months cycle – i.e. seasonal demand. Increase in energy demand of a nation is affected by overall growth of industries and change in life style of people.

3. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/3 The NEED With rapid development and growth of the nation Energy Demand is increasing. Inspite of plans to increase resources and add new generation capacities it is becoming difficult to match the supply with the demand because of resource and cost constraints. Creating new energy sources will increase environmental hazards as power plants are the biggest source of pollution. India depends on imported (oil) energy to meet about 75% of its total demand. So we have spend a huge sum of our hard earned FOREX for importing oil.

4. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/4 The energy intensity of India is among the highest in the world. We consume double the amount of energy for manufacturing and rendering services as compared to some of the developed countries. So it is essential that we become more efficient and reduce our energy intensity by preventing wastage and adopting energy efficient pattern of growth.

5. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/5 The Concept Control and Manage the demand within sources of supply. Manipulate and Manage peak load and off-peak load demands through load management. Adopt Energy Efficient techniques & technologies to reduce energy demand in all consumer sectors. Promoting low energy intensive industrial development Use Renewable Energy Sources wherever possible – solar, wind, bio energy, hydel/tidal, geothermal energy sources. Moderation of energy use.

6. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/6 6 DSM offers a wide variety of program either to increase or decrease the load. DSM program can be classified under the following three categories : Implication of DSM in utilities 1. Energy Conservation Program : promote the application of energy efficiency measures, equipment such as lighting, air-conditioning, motors in different customer segments. The EC programs are especially designed to directly reduce energy consumption and indirectly reduce the peak demand. 2. Load Management Program : control, curtail or shift the load demand periodically on a daily or seasonal basis according to peak demand requirement or constraints. This program normally result in a decrease in peak demand but may or may not result in a decrease in consumption. 3.Increased Electricity Demand Program : may be used periodically on daily or seasonal basis in order to fill the valleys when the network is fed by run-of-river power stations. They are generally referred to as strategic power increase or surplus consumption measures.

7. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/7 The Power Scenario All India installed capacity is about 1,82,689 MW. All India Generation is about 800 BU Power Deficit - Peak Demand – 10.5%, Energy – 8.2% Per Capita Energy Consumption – India - 700 kWh/year– World Average – 2800 kWh/yr Coal based TPP – 65% (84% Generation) Capacity Addition in 12th Plan is 100000 MW Electricity supply increased 60%, household access by 10% in last decade – however –Half of Indias rural households do not have access to electricity i.e one third of the world population without electricity. Making India the largest population without electricity. –25% of consumers are poor - paying > Rs 150 per month

8. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/8 The Power Scenario Typical data –Average hours of supply in rural areas: 2-6 hours –De-electrification of villages: 10% –Un-authorised connections: 30% –Permanent disconnections: 15-20% Energy Intensity 0.8 Population – 130 crore (16% of World) Energy Resources – 1% of World Crude Import Bill – 200000 crore (75% of demand)

9. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/9 Energy Generation Scenario Installed Capacity = 1,82,689 MW

10. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/10 Coal In India Reserves/Production (R/P) - World (122 years) India (114 years) 15 % of requirement imported, mainly coal with high GCV and low ash content

11. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/11 Oil In India Will last - World (42 years) & India (20 years) India has 0.5 % of world oil reserves Oil accounts for 31 % of our primary energy. Transport consumes 42 % followed by domestic and industrial, both 24 % In 2011 Indias oil import burden will exceed 5% of GDP for only the third time in history if prices average the current level of $92/bbl for the entire year.

12. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/12 Power generation accounts for much of the increase in primary energy demand, the overall power generation in the country has increased from 264 Billion units during 1990-91 to 662.52 Billion Units during 2006-2007. The country is facing power shortages : Peak shortage = 10.2 %, Average shortage = 9 % Coal remains the main source of power generation. Higher energy demand drives up imports of oil, gas and coal, and greenhouse gas emissions. India is the fourth largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter in the world with CO2 emission being 1249.74 Mt for the year 2006.

13. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/13 Power Scenario of Gujarat

14. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/14 Total Capacity (as on 01-04-11) : 13354 MW State (GSECL) : 5216 MW (39%) State Owned IPPs : 1216 MW (9%) Private IPPs : 4102 MW (31%) Centre share : 2820 MW (21%) Conventional Source MWGujarat % National % RE SourceMW Coal693551.93 60.53 Wind2094 Lignite10407.79Solar6 Gas382128.6111.41Biomass10 Hydro7795.8324.21Mini Hydro6 Nuclear5594.193.08Total2116 Oil2201.650.77 Total13354100.00 Present installed capacity in the State of Gujarat

15. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/15 Total Installed Capacity in Gujarat SourceCapacity (MW)% Capacity State (GSEC) 986451 Centre 231012 Private (IPP) 241612.5 CGP (340 consumer) (Paralleled with State Grid) 15738.3 CPP (50 consumer) (Paralleled with State Grid) 311316.2 19276

16. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/16 Demand for 2010-1110500 MW Present Installed Capacity13354 MW Installed Capacity Required to meet demand (@80% PLF)13125 MW Year Capacity Addition (MW) Installed Capacity (MW) Demand (MW) Required Installed Capacity (@80% PLF) Surplus Capacity (MW) As on 1.4.11133541050013125229 2011-1246421799611550143483559 Present Surplus/(Deficit) scenario Proposed Capacity Addition – XI Five Year Plan GUJARAT IS CURRENTLY SURPLUS IN POWER

17. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/17 Total Sales Generation – 55771 MU Sales by GETCO – 54000 MU –(GETCO T&D losses are just 3-4%) Sales by DISCOMs – 45000 MU (Other T&D are about 16%)... PCE of Gujarat – 1500 kwh/yr

18. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/18 Breakup of Electricity End User (Gujarat 2009-10) No.End User SectorShare in % 1Agriculture28 2Commercial5 3Public Water Supply & Sewerage2 4Domestic14 5Industrial (HT)28 6Industrial (LT)11 7Railways1 8Public Lighting1 9Bulk Supply Licensees10

19. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/19 ENVIRONMENT is endangered by haphazard use of energy resources. The Global Warming due to CO2 emissions increased by 20% during 1995-2005 – the largest change in last 200 years.

20. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/20 ENERGY The Main Culprit for Climate Change 70% of the GHG emissions world over are caused by Energy Consumption. Power Plants & Industries are two major contributors of GHG emissions

21. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/21 Sector-wise GHG Emissions

22. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/22 Inspite of all these concerns Growth is Essential and Energy Consumption is Inevitable. DSM is an option to strike a balance between the both.

23. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/23 Correlation between HDI & Electricity Source: Dr. Steve Chu, US Department of Energy Two way relation in terms of cause and effect. For India, small change in electricity use could make a big difference in HDI

24. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/24 Various DSM Initiatives Increasing efficiency in power generation, transmission & distribution and utilization. Improving quality of power, increasing reliability of power supply, reducing auxiliary energy,etc. Incentive/disincentive Schemes for maintaining good PLF – TOU tariff, demand charges, PF penalty/rebate, etc. Scheme for promoting EE in industries, buildings, agriculture, households, etc. Creating mass awareness about EC.

25. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/25 DSM Programs EE Lighting – Bachat Lamp Yojna, LED Village Campaign, EE & Green Buildings – BEPI, ECBC, use of better designs, MOC & electrical appliance. Promoting Renewable Energy (RE) systems in place of conventional energy systems. RE based energy generation – on & off-grid systems Prescribing efficiency norms for energy intensive products – BEE S&L program. EE in public utilities – street lighting and water & sewerage pumping. EE in agriculture – mandating use of efficient pumpsets. Mandating EE in energy intensive industries.

26. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/26 1Frost Free Refrigerator 2Fluorescent Tube Lamps 3Air Conditioners 4Direct Cool Refrigerators 5Distribution Transformers 6General Purpose Industrial Motors 7Monoset Pumps 7aOpen Well Pumpsets 7bSubmersible Pumpsets 8Ceiling Fans 9Domestic Gas Stoves 10Stationary Storage Type Water Heaters 11Colour Television

27. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/27 Advantages / Benefits Economical – say Cheaper Solution Fast – less time consuming Eco-friendly – mitigates pollution Sustainable Indigenous – no hifi technology involved There is always a better way to do anything & DSM is one of the better ways….

28. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/28 28 Residential Sector Savings Estimates DSM Applications : End useEnergy-efficiency measures Technical potential savings estimate (%) LightingCompact fluorescent lamps 20 – 50 Cooling/ ventilation High-efficiency fan motors; whole house fans; programmable controllers 15 – 50 RefrigerationHigh-efficiency refrigerators 15 – 40 Water-heating equipment Efficient water heater tanks; increased tank insulation; low-flow devices thermal traps; heat pumps and solar water heaters 20 – 30 70 Electric ranges/ ovens Increased insulation; seals; improved heating elements, reflective pans; reduced thermal mass; reduced contact resistance 10 – 20 Miscellaneous equipment (TV sets) Solid state television sets that use efficient electronic devices 10

29. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/29 29 Saving Potential in Agriculture Through Retrofitting CodeScope of rectification Reduction in energy consumption (%) (kWh per pump per year) R1 Low resistance foot-valve and low friction suction pipe of proper diameter 20%-25% (1000-1250 kWh) R2R1 + low friction delivery pipe30%-35% (1500-1750 kWh) R3R2 + replace pump by one of higher efficiency40%-45% (2000-2500 kWh) R4R3 + replace motor by one of lower rating50%- 60% (2500-3000 kWh) DSM Applications :

30. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/30 30 Energy Saving Potential End-use type Potential Energy Savings (MU) Motors and drive systems (industrial and agriculture sectors) 80000 Lighting (domestic, commercial, and industrial sectors) 10000 Energy-intensive industries 5000 Total95000 DSM Applications :

31. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/31 Overview of applicable DSM measures 1.Power factor improvement at plant substation 2.Conventional ballast's on FTLs by low loss ballast's 3.GLS lamps by CFLs 4.HPMV Vs HPSV 5.Lighting voltage controller 6. Soft starter/Energy saver 7.Replacement of pump by high efficiency pump 8.Replacement of fan by high efficiency fan

32. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/32 Overview of applicable DSM Measures 9.Application of VSDs 10.Replacement of single stage compressors by two stage compressors 11.Reciprocating air compressor by screw compressor 12.Reciprocating refrigeration compressor by centrifugal compressor 13.VCRs by VARs 1.Water Lithium bromide 2.Aqua Ammonia 14.No load energy saver for welding set

33. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/33 Benefit To All

34. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/34 Thank You for your time & patience.

35. 3-April, 2012 Capacity Building of CSOs by VIKSAT, Ahmedabad 25/35 Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success. If you love what you are doing, you will be successful."