1. Migration By Ian Yearsley Project/Workshop

2. Migration into the Rochford Hundred in Essex in 1881 By Ian Yearsley This presentation is copyright Ian Yearsley 2012 and must not be reproduced in full or in part without the authors permission. If you wish to reproduce it please contact Ian on ian_yearsley@yahoo.co.uk or via www.ian-yearsley.com.ian_yearsley@yahoo.co.ukwww.ian-yearsley.com

3. Rochford Hundred Parishes Map Source: John Bartholomew & Sons Map of Essex from The Place-Names of Essex by Dr. P.H. Reaney (c.1895)

4. Parishes Covered By Modern Southend Source: John Bartholomew & Sons Map of Essex from The Place-Names of Essex by Dr. P.H. Reaney (c.1895)

5. Main Migratory Flows into and around the Hundred (>50 people) Parish of Residence Number of resident individuals……born here Prittlewell312London* Prittlewell170Leigh Prittlewell162Rochford South Shoebury134Ireland Prittlewell131Southchurch Prittlewell124Great Wakering Prittlewell119Rayleigh Prittlewell96South Shoebury Prittlewell95Eastwood South Shoebury79Great Wakering Prittlewell74Great Stambridge Prittlewell73Barling Rochford66Prittlewell South Shoebury64Scotland Leigh61Prittlewell Rochford60Eastwood South Shoebury60London* Prittlewell58Canewdon South Shoebury52Woolwich Prittlewell51Foulness Rochford51Great Stambridge South Shoebury51Prittlewell Source: 1881 Census *London in this table means London, Middlesex and Middlesex, London only

6. Main Migratory Flows into and around the Hundred (>50 people)

7. Prittlewell - 1 Population rose by 26,086 1801-1901: 2251% 43% of immigrants and 32% of movers-in moved into Prittlewell Rapid growth mid-century onwards The creation of Southend Town Council in 1892 Domestic servant was by far the most common occupation

8. Prittlewell - 2 Also notable: construction trades – labourers, brickmakers, carpenters and bricklayers Agricultural labourer - just 4% of the working population Male-to-female ratio in 1881 was 85-to-100: large numbers of women as domestic servants, dressmakers, laundresses Age profile 1881: predominantly young population; also much longevity Conclusion: a growing parish

9. South Shoebury - 1 Population rose from 101 in 1801 to 4081 in 1901: 4041% Royal Artillery School of Gunnery established in 1859 1881 m-to-f ratio: 164-to-100 High numbers of individuals in their twenties Forced migration Growth of local businesses followed By 1884 the railway was extended there from Southend

10. South Shoebury – 2 The garrison explains the large numbers of individuals from Ireland, Scotland, London and Woolwich The presence of large numbers of servicemen at census time is a good example of the problem of the snapshot nature of census data Jobs with Royal Artillery in the title = 45% of those in employment Brick industry grew as parish did, attracting other in- migrants from far and wide 15% of immigrants into Rochford Hundred moved into South Shoebury, second only to Prittlewell Conclusion: Gunnery/Garrison led to high in- migration.

11. Southchurch/Southern Parishes Southchurch had the fourth fastest growing population 1801-1901: 557% (after South Shoebury, Prittlewell & Leigh) These, plus Hadleigh, were the only ones with above average growth, and they were also the five southernmost parishes A factor could be the railway: in 1884 the only parishes with stations in them were Leigh, Prittlewell and South Shoebury Separate study: the growth of Southend did have an impact on Southchurch, as the latters economy was transformed from agriculture in 1881, through brick-related trades in 1891 to a service economy in 1901 Conclusion: Southchurch grew because of growth in Prittlewell and South Shoebury

12. Summary – Key Findings Movers: Prittlewell for Southend-on-Sea; plus short-distance local circulation, especially at the eastern end of the Hundred. Immigrants: Prittlewell/Southend and the other parishes along the southern, railway- served strip; forcibly moved to South Shoebury; immigrants outnumbered emigrants – approximately 6% growth rate in RH pop.

13. The End