1. Wye City Group on Statistics on Rural Development and Agriculture Household Income, Rome, 11-12 June 2009 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Indicators on undernourishment and critical food poverty at national and sub-national levels Ricardo Sibrian Senior Statistician Statistics Division, FAO

2. Wye City Group on Statistics on Rural Development and Agriculture Household Income, Rome, 11-12 June 2009 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Poverty (extreme) as measured by indicator MDG 1.1 and undernourishment as measured by indicator MDG 1.9 MDG indicator number 1.1: Proportion of population below $1 (PPP) (distribution of income or proxy total expenditure $/person/day) MDG indicator 1.9: Proportion of population below the minimum level of dietary energy consumption (distribution of energy consumption Kcals/person/day)

3. Wye City Group on Statistics on Rural Development and Agriculture Household Income, Rome, 11-12 June 2009 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Strong non-linear relationship between GDPppp and DEC (limited to GDP data available)

4. Wye City Group on Statistics on Rural Development and Agriculture Household Income, Rome, 11-12 June 2009 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Strong non-linear relationship between MDG1.9 and MDG1.9 (limited to extreme poverty data available)

5. Wye City Group on Statistics on Rural Development and Agriculture Household Income, Rome, 11-12 June 2009 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Strong relationship between MDG1.1 and MDG1.9 in SSA, SA, EA and EECA Extreme poverty higher than undernourishement in SSA, SA, EA and EECA

6. Wye City Group on Statistics on Rural Development and Agriculture Household Income, Rome, 11-12 June 2009 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division FOOD ACCESS AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Food consumption expenditure Food receipts free Food receipts as payment Own-production (crop/livestock/ fish/hunt/indust) Food purchase Non-essential consumption expenditures Non-food consumption expenditure needs SalesIncome Non-agric production Trading (Food/ Non- Food) Employment (Food/Non- Food) Cash receipts Debts incurred Consumptio n Expenditure Food sources Sources of income Resource flows Asset accumulation (investment) and savings FAO 2007 (from WFP 2006) LIVELIHOODS Food received at work-place

7. Wye City Group on Statistics on Rural Development and Agriculture Household Income, Rome, 11-12 June 2009 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division FOOD DEPRIVATION: Prevalence of food deprivation Under the assumption of log normal distribution - MDER = Energy intake acceptable as minimum requirement -  = Standard normal cumulative distribution with parameters  and  defined as and where,  x = average energy intake CV x = Energy intake inequality under lognormal distribution

8. Wye City Group on Statistics on Rural Development and Agriculture Household Income, Rome, 11-12 June 2009 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division MDER Minimum dietary energy requirement Weighted by sex and age population structure. Energy required by persons of the same sex and age in population groups with:  minimum body weight (5 th percentile) for attained height as in the standard reference population and  minimum sedentary physical activity  allowance for physical growth in children and adolescents  as well as allowance for pregnancy and lactation. FOOD DEPRIVATION: Prevalence of food deprivation

9. Wye City Group on Statistics on Rural Development and Agriculture Household Income, Rome, 11-12 June 2009 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division  CV(due to income)=CV(x|v) =  (x|v) /  (x) FOOD DEPRIVATION: Prevalence of food deprivation  CV(due to requirements)=CV(x|r)  0.20

10. Wye City Group on Statistics on Rural Development and Agriculture Household Income, Rome, 11-12 June 2009 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division with, µ(v) = Income level, CV (v) = Income inequality under lognormal distribution assumption INCOME DEPRIVATION: Prevalence of critical food poverty Under the assumption of log normal distribution - MDER cost = Cost of energy intake acceptable as minimum requirement -  = Standard normal cumulative distribution with parameters  and  defined as and

11. Wye City Group on Statistics on Rural Development and Agriculture Household Income, Rome, 11-12 June 2009 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Cost of MDER (Minimum dietary energy requirement) Nutrient costs (protein, fat and carbohydrate) for balanced MDER to provide:  12.5 percent of energy from protein ;  22.5 percent of energy from fat ;  65 percent of energy from carbohydrate With nutrient prices in households of the lowest income quintile (lowest 20 percent of households of low income or proxy total expenditure). INCOME DEPRIVATION: Prevalence of critical food poverty

12. Wye City Group on Statistics on Rural Development and Agriculture Household Income, Rome, 11-12 June 2009 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division CV(v) =  (v) /  (v) where, INCOME DEPRIVATION: Prevalence of critical food poverty

13. Wye City Group on Statistics on Rural Development and Agriculture Household Income, Rome, 11-12 June 2009 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Strong relationship between undernourishment and income levels Different income effects on undernourishment among countries

14. Wye City Group on Statistics on Rural Development and Agriculture Household Income, Rome, 11-12 June 2009 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Different urban and rural undernourishment among countries Rural may be more undernourished than urban but not always

15. Wye City Group on Statistics on Rural Development and Agriculture Household Income, Rome, 11-12 June 2009 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Food poverty and critical food poverty were higher in rural than in urban areas Food poverty was higher than undernourishment in rural, no in urban Critical food poverty was lower than undernourishment in urban, no in rural

16. Wye City Group on Statistics on Rural Development and Agriculture Household Income, Rome, 11-12 June 2009 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Critical food poverty and undernourishment were higher in female headed than male headed households

17. Wye City Group on Statistics on Rural Development and Agriculture Household Income, Rome, 11-12 June 2009 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Statistics Division Thank you