1. Nature of Science

2. What is Science the knowledge obtained by observing natural events and conditions in order to discover facts and formulate laws or principles that can be verified or tested
Scientists perform investigations to find a new aspect of the natural world, explain a known phenomenon, to validate other findings or to test predictions.

3. What is Science begins with Curiosity and ends with disco very
Scientists answer questions by investigating
Scientists plan experiments
Scientists observe
Scientists always confirm results

4. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (1845-1923)
What is Science
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen ( )

5. What is Science
Roentgen discovered this unknown radiation ray: X ray, through several repeated experiments, to validate his findings. His results caused him to think of new questions and to do more experiments to find to find the answers to these questions. What were some of these findings? How far can X rays travel & what materials can they or cannot pass through

6. Science & Technology Use of knowledge to solve practical problems.
Science and technology are interdependent
Advances in one lead to advances in the other

7. Science & Technology

8. Branches of science
How is science organized?

9. Branches of science

10. Scientific laws vs theory
What are scientific theories, and how are they different from scientific laws?
Theories explain why something happens, laws explain how something works. •
Law: a descriptive statement or equation that reliably predicts events under certain conditions
Theory: a system of ideas that explains many related observations and is supported by a large body of evidence acquired through scientific investigation

11. Experimental results support laws and theories
Scientific theories are always being questioned and examined. To be valid, a theory must:
explain observations
be repeatable
be predictable

12. Scientific law, theory & hypothesis
Study.com
Chapter 1 – Lesson 3

13. Scientific law, theory & hypothesis
Which of the following statements about scientific theories is wrong?
A) Theories are simple suggestions made on a whim by curious people
B) Theories are used to explain why natural phenomena occur
C) Theories can change if new evidence arrives
D) Theories are based on sets of hypothesis

14. Scientific law, theory & hypothesis
Once a hypothesis is generated, what is the best next step?
A) Test the hypothesis through experimentation.
B) Wait to see if someone comes up with a better one.
C) Assume it is a fact
D) Submit it to the committee for establishment of scientific law.

15. Scientific law, theory & hypothesis
In an experiment, any factor that can change is called a VARIABLE
A variable that causes a change in another is called a Manipulated Variable . If such variable is not affected by another variable then it is said to “stand alone” and is termed Independent Variable.
A variable that changes in response to the manipulated variable is called the Responding Variable. Such variables are said to “depend” on another to change, therefore also known as a Dependent Variable

16. Models
Theories and laws are always being tested. Models can represent physical events. model: a representation of an object or event that can be studied to understand the real object or event Scientists use conceptual, physical, and computer models to study objects and events. We use models in our everyday lives

17. Conceptial Physical Mathematical
Models
Make it easier to understand things that might be too difficult to observe directly.
Computer models can show Earth moving
Allows to see things that are too small (atoms)
Allows to see situations that are dangerous or not possible to show. (ocean floor)
Conceptial
Physical
Mathematical

18. Models: representation of object or system
Physical:
Models you can touch
Look like the real thing
Do have limitations
Look like but are not the real thing
airplanes, drawings, cell, volcanoes, steam engine, skyscraper

19. Physical Model

20. Virtual model
Human Immunodeficiency Virus model

21. Animated model (Zika Virus)

22. Models: representation of object or system
Conceptual: systems of ideas, making comparisons with familiar things to help illustrate or explain
Model of system of ideas
Big Bang Theory
Continental drift
System of ideas and hypothesis
Supported through the scientific method

23. Models representation of object or system
Mathematical: are made up of mathematical equations and data
Simple models – formula for how fast a car goes
Complex models (computer) – population growth
Examples: Chemical equations
Weather predictions, Punnett square

24. representation of object or system [model]
Scientists who study the Earth’s atmosphere have developed mathematical climate models
Models have lots of data
Levels of Carbon dioxide
Land and ocean temperatures
Cloud types and cloud cover
Snow and ice cover
Ocean currents

25. Models representation of object or system
These mathematical models don’t make exact predictions about future climates, but they do make estimates
Examples
Global warming
Ice Age